Mine management: green mountains will eventually deliver



From the roar of machines, the dust flying, the mountains covered with scars, to the restoration of green, birds singing and flowers, everywhere green, one by one according to the high standard of construction of green mines springing up in the land of China. According to the announcement issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources, in 2020, 301 mines in the country will be included in the list of green mines, which are reasonable, intensive and efficient development and utilization of mineral resources under the premise of safety and environmental protection, and realize the harmonious unity of man and nature.

State action

"The sky is clear and full of dust, it is raining and covered with mud, it looks very vicissitudes, and it is all wooden houses and wooden shelves." Sewage treatment, environmental protection facilities, nothing." "The sun is the same as the moon, the sunny day is the same as the cloudy day, the nostrils are the same as the chimney." An industry insider introduced that this is the traditional mining environment, just for mining and mining, there are no environmental protection measures, there is no long-term planning.

The traditional extensive mining method wastes resources and destroys the environment. "Entering a high-quality development stage and continuing on the same path will not work. Mining companies should abandon the past concept and change the way of life." China green mine promotion Association president Shi Jingxi said. More and more enterprises also realize that mine resources and ecological environment are the life of enterprises, maintain the source of living water, build green mines, in order to achieve sustainable development.

Green mine is not simply greening, but in the whole process of mineral resources development to achieve comprehensive utilization of resources, energy conservation and emission reduction, protection of the ecological environment, mine harmony and other requirements, not only to strictly implement scientific and orderly mining, but also to control the disturbance of the mining area and the surrounding environment within a controllable range, is a complex systematic project.

This system project started at the beginning of this century. In 2008, the National Mineral Resources Plan (2008-2015) took the development of green mining and the construction of green mines as a key task, and various localities began to pilot and explore the green mine model. In 2017, the programmatic document for promoting the construction of green mines - the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the construction of green Mines" jointly issued by six ministries and commissions was issued, requiring that through five years of efforts, the overall image of the traditional extensive and wasteful mining industry should be basically reversed, and a new model and new pattern of mining development should be formed in line with the requirements of ecological civilization construction. At this point, the construction of green mines has risen to the national action.

Green mining

Greatly reduce solid waste discharge, underground filling green mining, three-dimensional intensive factory construction, mine land reclamation, mining heritage tourism development after reclamation and greening, waste and energy reuse, repair damaged vegetation and surrounding environment... In accordance with the strategic policy of "giving priority to conservation, protection and natural restoration", for more than a decade, batches of national green mine construction pilots have landed and blossomed in the country, and constantly innovate a new model of green mine construction.

Green and orderly mining can fundamentally eliminate the damage to the environment and ecology caused by mining. Green mining begins with green exploration. The new technology of "drilling instead of trough", such as air diving hammer and pipe core drilling, developed by Chengdu Prospecting Technology Institute of China Land Survey Bureau, has transformed the disturbed area from a big ditch in the past to a drill hole, which can not only achieve the expected prospecting effect in the thicker section, but also reduce the disturbance to the ecological environment to the greatest extent.

In the mining process, scientific and efficient green mining technology and energy-saving and efficient equipment must be adopted to ensure that the mining recovery rate, mineral processing recovery rate and comprehensive recovery rate of resources meet the new requirements of environmental protection.

On the intelligent centralized control platform of Shanbei Mining Hanjiawan Coal Company, a worker sits in front of a computer screen and adjusts the position of the roller and the support mode according to the changes in the work site, which can minimize the inflow of gangue. A shearer driver of Hanjiawan Coal Company said: "In the past, when I controlled the cylinder cutting coal on the working face, when I encountered large coal dust, I relied on my experience to adjust the position of the top and bottom knives, and if I was not careful, I would cut gangue." Now, you can see the work surface clearly on the screen, and the operation is more accurate."

Efficient utilization of resources, especially the treatment and utilization of "three wastes", is an important content of green mine construction. China Coal Group Datun Company Kongzhuang Coal mine is an old mine, in recent years developed a "pressure fan + bath wastewater" waste heat reuse project. The core technology of the project is sewage source heat pump technology, that is, through the sewage source heat pump unit to do work, the low-grade heat energy into high-grade heat energy, to provide heat for the next day bath hot water, to maximize the recycling of mine waste heat, waste water, coal gangue.

Now, more and more mines are going green.

In 2019, the national green mine catalogue management system began to be implemented, and the enterprises that can be selected in the national list can be described as having passed the five hurdles, and need to meet the 100 specific indicators formulated by the competent department of natural resources, including the assessment of six aspects, such as mining environment, development mode, comprehensive utilization of resources, energy conservation and emission reduction, scientific and technological innovation, enterprise management and image, which is very strict. So far, thousands of mining enterprises have "put on green clothes" and entered the national list of green mines.

Ecological restoration

"Mining and governance", in addition to strengthening green and orderly mining in the production process, for existing mining geological environment problems, in accordance with the current policy, mining enterprises are responsible for the restoration of mining geological environment problems caused by mines under construction and production. The geological environment problems of mines left over or lost by the responsible persons shall be planned and restored by the local governments at all levels, and the central government shall provide necessary financial support.

Swan, egret, grey heron, night heron, heron, anemone, kingfisher... Throughout the year, hundreds of birds appear in the Qingquan Park of Fengfeng Mining area in Handan City, Hebei Province, attracting photography enthusiasts. The water is clear, the bank is green, the beautiful Qingquan park was a large coal mining subsidence area a few years ago. Fengfeng mining district Party Committee responsible person introduced that the mining area is rich in mineral resources, coal chemical industry, steel, ceramics and other industries have had a good time, but the ecological environment has also reached the point of governance. Ban mining and suspend all private stone factories; Repairing coal gangue mountain and treating subsidence area; Building wetlands and parks... After a series of actions, the ecological environment of Fengfeng mining area is getting better and better, and the hat of the heavily polluted area is removed.

In the beautiful Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, a dilapidated mining area - Batcave area of Jindun Township, Heqing has seriously affected the surrounding environment. Three years ago, MCC Tiangong Group undertook the restoration project of the mine area. The team used the "slope treatment construction process", which is extremely difficult to construct: mechanical blasting on the 30-meter high slope, followed by "mechanical slope repair". At present, the abandoned mine area has been built into a country park with "mountains", "water", "fields" and "parks".

Nowadays, many mines are carrying out the construction of "mining area into scenic spot" : Fengcheng Oilfield in Xinjiang realizes "underground oil production and above-ground tourism"; Duran Jinhui Mining transformed desert Gobi into oasis; Huzhou Wuxingdai River Donghong abandoned mine into a thousand acres of tea mountain......

The "China Mineral Resources Report (2021)" released by the Ministry of Natural Resources shows that the ecological environment of mines in China continues to improve. Since 2020, China has supported ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines in key river basins and regions, with the central government allocating 2 billion yuan to support ecological restoration of mines left over from history in the Yellow River basin and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 12 provinces (autonomous regions).