The basic concept, main types and causes of mine geological disasters, as well as prevention and control measures

Basic concepts of mine geological hazards:

Mine geological disaster: refers to the mine construction and mining activities caused by the impact of the people's lives and property safety of the collapse, landslide, debris flow, ground collapse, ground subsidence, ground cracks and other disasters.

Aquifer damage: refers to the underground aquifer structure change, groundwater level decline, water reduction or drainage, water quality deterioration and other damage phenomena caused by mine construction and mining activities.

Topographic and geomorphic landscape destruction: refers to the mine construction and mining activities change the original topographic geological conditions and geomorphic features, resulting in land destruction, mountain damage, rock exposure, vegetation destruction and other phenomena.

Analysis of main types and causes of mine geological disasters

The mine collapsed and slipped. Mine collapse and landslide are easy to happen in the mining area of open pit mining and in the process of underground mining. The accidents of landslide and collapse not only seriously affect people's life, health and safety, but also produce very serious economic losses. In open-pit mining area, the phenomenon of landslide is mainly reflected in the slide of mine slope edge, while in underground mining operation, it is mainly caused by the collapse of goaf. The main reason for the occurrence of landslide phenomenon is due to the natural environment of the mining area, the local geological conditions and some activities of human beings themselves, etc. In order to effectively prevent and prevent landslide disasters in the development process of the mining area, relevant staff must promptly supervise and test the mining area environment, and constantly cause and pay attention to landslide related problems.

Disaster caused in the ore body. Geological hazards in orebody are caused by the change of geological environment, and some sudden accidental factors will also cause many sudden consequences. These consequences mainly include geothermal, gas explosion, mine fire and other problems, which often occur in coal mine areas is gas explosion, mine fire is more common in coal mines and some sulfide mines.

Disaster caused by the change of mine groundwater level. The most common phenomena caused by the change of groundwater level in the course of mineral geological disasters are water inrush and mine water inrush, which belong to a kind of geological disasters with greater harm in the course of mineral geological disasters. In the actual process of mineral mining operations, the staff must understand the situation of Kangkang in time, and calculate the water consumption in the mine in advance to carry out mining operations. If the groundwater level suddenly changes after the water inflow in the mine is estimated, especially when the actual water consumption in the mine is greater than the estimated water inflow, it will lead to very serious consequences, seriously affecting people's life safety and property safety. At the same time, in the process of actual mining operations, it is necessary to often break through the cage through the entire permeable fault, at this time if suddenly encountered a hidden river or water storage cave, it is likely to lead to too much groundwater or surface water. If there is too much water in the interior of the mine, there may be a lot of mud for miners, excessive sediment will lead to miners congestion, mining personnel and mining machinery have the danger of being buried by sediment, and in serious cases can directly destroy the mine.

Prevention and control measures of geological disasters in mines

Formulate the corresponding geological protection system for mines. First of all, it is necessary to establish a strict and scientific forecasting system, which can monitor the data of mineral areas in real time, so as to facilitate the corresponding managers to prevent and discover the risks and hidden dangers in the process of mineral development in a timely manner, and then propose feasible geological project construction plans. The forecast system includes the time, place, scope and impact degree of geological disasters that may occur, and is issued by land and resources departments at or above the county level in collaboration with meteorological authorities. Secondly, a corresponding assessment system should be established. In mineral development and engineering construction in areas prone to geological disasters, the risk assessment of geological disasters must be carried out before the project is carried out, and the assessment results should be provided to relevant departments and enterprises as a research report in time. The units engaged in geological disaster risk assessment must conduct further review. It can only be delivered after it is qualified.

Application of geological disaster control system based on GIS. At the current stage, people have begun to use digital models to establish a virtualization processing platform, which can effectively make the staff familiar with the steps of geological monitoring in advance, and provide a basis for further geological monitoring and data acquisition and processing. Under the GIS technology platform, the disasters such as ground cracks and debris flow in mineral areas can be protected in advance. For example, in the process of disaster monitoring of debris flow, all kinds of data prepared in advance in the database have different levels of sensitivity for debris flow disasters, and these data can be used jointly by users with different permissions according to different needs, so security measures must be taken in the use process, and the user's permissions, access permissions and data review security must be set. In the process of mine geological disaster prevention and reasonable supervision, digital monitoring can grasp the geological changes in real time, and remote sensing technology can be used to observe and study debris flow and other disasters accurately, scientifically and intuitively. Meanwhile, multi-temporal remote sensing data can be used to observe the occurrence and development process of geological disasters manually and dynamically, and further propose specific solutions and prevention measures for the problems. Timely scientific guidance should be given after geological disasters occur.