Analysis of occupational hazards and control measures in coal mines

Coal mine production site environment is bad, so strengthening the inspection of coal mine production environment is an important measure to maintain the health of coal mine workers and promote the safety of coal mine enterprises. With the continuous improvement of production technology in coal mine enterprises, it is important to strengthen the analysis and control of occupational disease hazard factors in coal mine enterprises.

1 Identification of occupational hazard factors in coal mines

The main occupational hazards in coal mines are productive dust, harmful gas, productive noise and vibration, adverse climatic conditions and radioactive substances. (1) Production dust. In coal mine production, coal mining, excavation, support, lifting and transportation, roadway maintenance and other production links all produce dust. It can cause pneumoconiosis in miners. (2) Harmful gases. Due to underground firing, coal oxidation, coal release, there are methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3) and other gases. Poisoning, injury or death. (3) Production noise and vibration. Noise in coal mine mainly comes from underground mechanized production. For example, air drills and local fans, the noise and vibration of these two things are particularly large. Cause hearing loss, even deafness, etc. (4) Bad climatic conditions. Coal mine underground temperature is high, humidity is large, wind speed is different in different places and temperature difference is large. For example, people who work in humid environments for a long time are prone to rheumatoid arthritis. (5) Radioactive material. Underground radon gas and its daughters are often higher than the surface, which has a certain effect on the health of miners. In addition, labor intensity, poor working posture is also the characteristics of coal mines, easy to cause miners back leg pain and various injuries.

2 Measures for prevention and control of occupational hazards in coal mines

2.1 Prevention and control of occupational hazards of dust

The basic dust prevention facilities of each coal enterprise mainly include ventilation, water fog, wet drilling, blasting spray, etc., and a relatively perfect dust control system has been established, such as wet drilling and water spraying on coal mining face, driving face, and installation of air flow purification water curtain on the driving face of the main roadway. Establish a comprehensive dust control system and check it regularly. However, the dust prevention facilities are really implemented in the on-site workplace, and the management is not strong enough, some mines can be strictly assessed, and some mines only do some indicating work. From the perspective of the protective supplies provided by coal mines for coal mine dust workers, the protective supplies provided by coal mining enterprises for coal miners and the standards issued are not uniform, some coal mining enterprises have increased the types of labor protection supplies in accordance with the original standards, and some coal enterprises have increased the types of labor protection supplies on the basis of the previous coal industry standards, and made some adjustments to the issuance period. There are also some coal mining enterprises to determine the management and issuance of labor protection equipment standards. In general, economically developed areas are better than economically underdeveloped areas, and state-owned large-scale coal mines are better than local coal mines. On the whole, there are very big differences in the management, distribution and use of labor protection products in coal mining enterprises, mainly manifested in different scales, different economic types, and differences between coal mining enterprises in different regions.

2.2 Prevention and treatment of harmful gas occupational hazards

① Each mine must have a ventilation system diagram to ensure the integrity of drawing technology and data; Ventilation parameters such as the length, wind resistance, section of the main shaft and the local fan model and performance parameters should be fully reflected in the relevant records and drawings. ② Based on the actual situation of the coal mine, the method of calculating the air volume is formulated to ensure the reasonable air distribution between the mining face and the mine, and the performance of the main fan and the resistance of the mine ventilation system are regularly measured. ③ All ventilation facilities such as air doors, wind Bridges, airtight walls and wind Windows must be managed and maintained by special personnel to ensure their good operation; Adjust the ventilation system and air volume in time with the advance of the working surface; For the change of ventilation system, safety plans and technical measures should be developed in advance, and approval procedures should be fulfilled.

2.3 Prevention and control of occupational hazards caused by noise

The key control points of noise hazard mainly include the operation of fully mechanized mining machine, integrated excavator, underground coal conveyor, anti-outburst drilling rig, water pump, air compressor, return air shaft fan, gas extraction pump, air compressor and other high noise equipment.

2.4 Vibration occupational hazard prevention

(1) Take effective vibration reduction measures for the whole body vibration, set up isolation trenches around the equipment that may have large vibration, and line with cork, rubber and other vibration reduction materials to prevent vibration transmission. (2) To take effective vibration reduction measures for local vibration, reform coal mine operation technology and equipment, improve the working system; Scientific use of vibration reduction supplies, the implementation of labor systems, strictly limit the staff's exposure to vibration time. Underground vibration hazards mainly come from the hazards of fully mechanized mining, air drill and other machinery.

2.5 Prevention and treatment of occupational hazards in poor underground climate conditions

2.5.1 High temperature control Measures

① Increase the air volume appropriately; (2) Centralized production, control the number of mining faces, and reduce the underground hot spots as much as possible. 2.5.2 Humidity Control Measures

① Increase the air volume appropriately; (2) Centralized production, the use of fully mechanized mining technology, comprehensive excavation technology and other advanced production technology, control the transport transfer point, as far as possible to reduce the labor intensity of employees, reduce their direct exposure to occupational hazard factors.

3. Study on measures to improve occupational disease prevention in coal mines

3.1 Strengthen Inspection

(1) Quality control of on-site testing equipment. The effective application of field sampling equipment plays a crucial role in the detection results. Therefore, quality control of field sampling equipment should be strengthened. Before the field test, the equipment should be verified to ensure the stability, sensitivity, reliability, safety and standard of the equipment. In the process of equipment management, the newly purchased equipment should be inspected to ensure the accuracy of the equipment, and each equipment should be managed exclusively, equipment files should be established, and equipment should be inspected, repaired and maintained regularly. (2) Quality control of the on-site testing environment. For example, when selecting a dust detection site, it is usually selected in a place with strong occupational hazard factors and long exposure time of workers. The sample is mainly people who are exposed to high levels of harmful substances for a long time.

3.2 Implement the main responsibility of the enterprise

Enterprises should seriously implement the main responsibility of occupational health stipulated in the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational diseases, change the concept, and regard occupational health work as the basic obligation that enterprises should complete, rather than passively complete the task. Enterprises should improve the occupational health management institutions and management teams, improve the level of management. Strengthen occupational health training and education for managers and employees, and give equal importance to occupational health training and production safety training. At the same time, strengthen occupational health monitoring, improve the occupational health files of employees, and regularly check up on employees.

3.3 IT application in prevention and control will be promoted

More than 40 years ago, the United States began to explore the information construction of occupational disease prevention and control, and has accumulated rich experience in the organization and construction of occupational disease prevention and control electronic health records, standard formulation, fund raising, privacy and security protection. In recent years, China's Internet +, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other information technologies have developed rapidly, making full use of modern information technology, breaking departmental barriers, eliminating information islands, strengthening inter-departmental information sharing and utilization, and establishing an efficient occupational health information supervision and management platform. Establish a monitoring, reporting and management network for key occupational diseases and occupational-disease-inductive factors, carry out occupational health risk assessment, and grasp the characteristics, degree and trend of morbidity in key groups and key industries, so as to fundamentally improve the efficiency of prevention and management of occupational diseases.