Discussion on environmental geological problems caused by open pit mining and prevention measures

3.2 Impact of landform and landscape pattern

The impact of open-pit mining activities on landscape ecology is mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, the impact on the original topography (topographic relief, vegetation attached to the surface, etc.); The second is the formation of artificial landscapes, such as industrial sites, mining sites and transportation roads, which add new patches to the original landscape based on farmland and shrub land, and reduce the aesthetic value of the original natural landscape in the mining area to a certain extent. Such landscapes have a strong visual contrast with the surrounding landscape. Especially after the expiration of the service in the mining area, the relatively low-lying mining area formed by the mining area, the ecological recovery is not timely in a short time, which is easy to cause a desolate scene and poor visual effect.

3.3 Secondary geological disasters

Collapse refers to the geological phenomenon that the rock and soil on the steeper slope suddenly break off the mountain under the action of gravity, roll, and accumulate at the foot of the slope (or gully), which mostly occurs on the slope greater than 60~70°. Due to the previous disorderly mining, the original mining left a cliff with a height of about 45m and a slope greater than 60°. With the gradual deepening of the mining degree of the ore body, the mining of the hard ore body in the lower part of the mining area needs rock drilling and blasting, and the dangerous rock and pumice that may be produced in the previous mining process are prone to collapse risks. In the mine slope, there are soft rock formations such as shale, clay rock and mudstone, as well as broken rock with faults and joint cracks. Under the action of blasting vibration, rainfall erosion and other external forces, it is easy to form collapse and slip phenomenon, which has certain environmental risks.

4 How to control and restore the mine geological environment

Mining is an important source of economic development, but it has also brought adverse effects on people's lives and led to adverse changes in the ecological environment. In recent years, with the acceleration of economic development, it has led to a sharp deterioration of many geological environment problems and brought a lot of negative impacts to the society. Therefore, relevant mining geological environment remediation should be carried out. This is not only a change in ideology, but also necessary for the development of The Times. It is to better promote the sustainable development of the economy, thus coordinating the unity of human beings and nature, and maintaining social stability. The first is to improve the standard of living near the mine. In the process of mining, stones and dust are disposed of at will, which is easy to lead to the collapse of the mountain, landslide, debris flow and other natural disasters. The second point is to increase the cultivation of land area and make rational use of land. Although it is difficult to carry out land reclamation near the mining area, it is the only way for the mine to carry out environmental rectification. The third point is to do a good job in the prevention of geological disasters. In the process of continuous mining, the vegetation near the hillside will be destroyed, resulting in the soil force imbalance, which is easy to appear natural disasters. Therefore, in order to avoid the occurrence of these situations, other reasonable and effective ways can be taken to increase the stability of the hillside by establishing protective slopes and retaining walls, which can effectively prevent the collapse and debris flow of the mountain. Fourth, we should pay attention to the protection and greening of the environment. Mining has destroyed vegetation to a large extent, and at the same time, it has also caused a lot of waste stones, waste stone slag and other granular materials, which has led to problems in the soil quality of the mine area, and it is easy to appear landslide or other geological disasters. Through the reconstruction of vegetation in the mining area, the vegetation coverage rate near the mining area can be improved, and the soil erosion situation can be effectively reduced, and the occurrence rate of landslide and other disasters can be reduced.

5. We will do a good job in environmental protection and restoration

Since the reform and opening up, the development of our country's mining industry has been greatly improved, the annual output of mining stones is about more than 6 billion tons, in other words, the rapid development of the mining industry will also lead to environmental problems and serious damage to the ecological environment. As a result, water levels in many areas have dropped dramatically, and the quality of water has also decreased, resulting in increased acidity and acid rain. As far as the current situation is concerned, people's mining activities are more and more frequent, which leads to the destruction of the natural environment is also increasingly serious, which has greatly affected people's normal production and life, bringing a lot of unnecessary economic losses. In order to further rectify the geological environment of the mine, it is necessary to take reasonable and scientific measures to reduce the occurrence of geological disasters and the deterioration of the geological environment as much as possible, which can reduce the economic losses caused by geological disasters, effectively protect land resources and protect vegetation coverage, and finally realize the scientific development of mineral resources and the coordinated development of the environment. The following is a specific method to refer to. First of all, it is necessary to rectify the hillside around the mining site and strengthen supervision, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of geological disasters such as serious collapse or landslide on the hillside. Secondly, it is necessary to build a place to pile up waste rock, waste slag and other waste, to avoid excessive pollution of the underground water layer, and to prevent the occurrence of geological disasters such as debris flow. Then, establish a more extensive coverage of the address environment supervision and management system, and gradually improve. Finally, it is necessary to take reasonable measures to restore vegetation and grassland, to carry out secondary soil return to the open mining site, dump site, industrial site and other places, apply fertilizer to help the land regain nutrients, and slowly restore the ecological balance by gradually planting vegetation and other ways. In addition, it is necessary to actively explore new technical means of mining, and update and optimize the development and utilization of mine resources and environmental protection methods on the basis of the original technical methods. The government should play a positive guiding role, encourage enterprises to refer to some foreign successful cases, provide financial support, and continuously increase the investment in scientific and technological research talents and resources. The choice of talents should be interdisciplinary talents, who conscientiously and responsibly study new environmental protection methods and technologies, and should grasp the latest scientific and technological level in the world at the first time. And with the actual organic combination, reasonable application to the actual mining.