The identification of dangerous and harmful factors in mine operation is very comprehensive!



The harm of mining operation varies greatly depending on the nature of mining ore. Generally, according to the different mining methods and mining ore properties, mines are divided into four categories: coal mine, non-coal mine, open pit and non-coal open pit. Coal mine underground operation is one of the most dangerous operations, coal mine is the most complex construction operation, the most dangerous factors in the work place.

The prevalence and severity of accidents in the mining industry vary with the nature and type of mineral. The death rate of coal mining industry is much higher than other mining industry, and the injury rate of coal mining industry is also significantly higher than other mining industry. In the same mining industry, the accident rate of underground mining is higher than that of surface open pit mining, and the death and non-death accident rate of underground mining is generally 1 to 2 times higher than that of surface or open pit mining.

In mining operations, the five most common types of hazards and harmful factors are material handling, personnel slipping or falling, machinery and equipment, towing and transportation, collapse and landslide, which account for 80% of all hazards and harmful factors. The remaining 20% of dangerous and harmful factors are mainly mine fires, gas or dust explosions, water hazards, explosives and blasting accidents, poisoning and suffocation.

1. Material handling

Accidents involving workers moving, lifting, handling, loading and storing materials, supplies, ore or waste are mainly caused by the use of unsafe working methods and errors in judgment. Safety training and education of workers and the use of proper lifting, loading and handling techniques are the most effective ways to prevent such accidents. Handling accidents are one of the most common accidents in underground mines, surface mines and concentrators.

In mining operations, the operations that are particularly prone to material transportation accidents are:

Underground roadway support and support removal operations;

Underground face support and support removal operations;

Handling of materials and ore;

Transportation of materials and ore;

Driving operation;

Mining operations;

Other work in narrow Spaces.

2. Personnel slip or fall

Slipping or falling is also one of the most common accidents in the mining industry. Operation safety education and inspection of workplace management and protective measures are important means to prevent such accidents. The main places where people are prone to slip and fall are:

Steps of open pit mines;

Walkway of shaft or inclined shaft;

A platform for vertical or inclined shafts;

Pedestrian ramps in open pit mines;

Mining and digging faces of accumulated water;

Mining and digging face with large dip Angle.

3. Mechanical injury

Accidents occurring while operating machinery, moving equipment, transporting with machinery, and working around machinery account for the third highest number of disability accidents, which are both common and serious. With the increasing mechanization of the mining industry, especially the entry of large and heavy machinery into mining sites, the possibility of mechanical injury to its operation and the people around it is increasing.

Therefore, it is very necessary to train workers in detailed operating procedures, so that they can obtain the necessary ability and establish safety awareness, and consciously comply with the operating procedures. At the same time, the necessary technical inspection and maintenance to ensure that any exposed rotating parts are properly protected, any part of the machine intact without defects, is also a necessary means to prevent such accidents.

4. Drag injury

Dragging injuries can occur on all types of transportation equipment, such as belt conveyors, chain conveyors, rail cars, lift conveyors, trucks, and other vehicles. Education of workers in safe transport operations, as well as thorough inspection and maintenance of equipment, are necessary to control such hazards.

5. Rock collapse

The rock collapse includes: the slope and roof fall of the roadway, the slope and roof fall of the open working face, the slope and roof fall of the mine working face, and the landslide of the open air.

Caving and roof falling are the most serious accidents in underground mining and one of the most common. Slope and landslide accidents also occur in open pit mines and quarries. When selecting the supporting material of the roof and side wall of the underground chamber or roadway, the supporting material should have certain strength and adapt to the characteristics of rock, so as to achieve the role of controlling rock sheet and roof falling. Safety education, technical inspection and safe and reliable construction methods for supporting pits and roadways are all important to reduce such accidents.

6. Gas and dust explosion

In the coal mining process, especially in the underground coal mining process, flammable and explosive coal dust and gas hazards always exist. When gas or coal dust explosions occur, they usually have disastrous consequences. Therefore, the prevention of gas and coal dust explosion accidents is very important.

The basic measures to prevent gas and coal dust explosion accidents are to prevent the concentration of gas and coal dust in the air to reach the explosion limit concentration and strictly control the detonating source. The main places (locations) where gas accumulation is more likely to occur are:

Upper (lower) corner of underground coal mining face;

Driving face of coal roadway in high gas seam;

Goaf of underground working face;

Caving area of working face of high gas seam;

Gas accumulation area after gas outburst;

Single head coal driving face;

Other underground places with poor ventilation;

Deep concave open-pit coal mining face with temperature inversion.

7. Mine flood

Water influx is a disaster accident in underground operation area. Strengthening the management and control of underground water exploration and water plugging, small coal mines and abandoned Wells is the main way to control this kind of accident.

8. Explosion accident

Each mine shall have a proper safety plan for explosives based on national regulations, as well as precautions for blasting in gas or coal dust hazardous areas.

Electrical or electrical equipment used in an environment that is wet or contains certain explosive gases is a risk factor and the design of electrical equipment and installations must comply with special safety regulations.

9. Other risk factors

This includes improper use of hand tools, dropping of objects or materials, gas and arc welding or cutting, burns from acidic or alkaline substances, splashing of particles, etc.