Biomass can promote the development of energy transformation under the new situation

Three challenges

It has not yet established the priority status of low-carbon and clean development of the biomass energy industry. In the process of promoting renewable energy, biomass energy has not manifested its due importance, lack of strong legal support, and lack of widespread recognition of the cleanliness of biomass, which has seriously limited the development of biomass energy industry. In some areas, biomass energy is still restricted by multiple factors in the policy market environment, and its value in ecological civilization, circular economy, environmental protection, poverty alleviation, and benefiting the people and farmers has not been fully reflected, its social and environmental benefits are not fully recognized by the whole society, and its advantages of diversified application and carbon neutrality have not yet emerged. The level of rural economic development is difficult to support the development and utilization of biomass resources. Biomass energy is closely related to rural development, dispersed resources, long industrial chain, and difficult to scale, which constitute a natural barrier restricting the development of biomass energy industry. The development and utilization of biomass resources in rural areas with relatively backward economic level means that the capital investment is far beyond the local economic expenditure capacity. Although the central government and various competent departments have invested a lot of funds in solving the problems of agricultural non-point source pollution control, agricultural waste treatment, harmless treatment of livestock and poultry manure, and resource utilization of agricultural residues, further discussion is needed in terms of resource scientific planning, concentrating policy advantages, and selecting the best route for disposing of agricultural and forestry end wastes. The promotion of biomass energy in local villages and towns is still a challenge to promote rural energy revolution. Biomass green power capacity has not been fully released. It is difficult to acquire raw materials for biomass power generation projects and some projects are forced to stop production, resulting in the overall low number of annual power generation utilization hours, and the phenomenon of low-load operation is widespread. According to statistics in 2021, the average annual utilization hours of biomass power generation are 4804 hours, of which the average annual utilization hours of agricultural and forestry biomass power generation projects are only 3800 hours. Under the premise of sufficient supply of raw materials, the annual utilization hours of biomass power generation can be maintained at least more than 7,000 hours, and the annual power generation can exceed 260 billion KWH under the existing installed capacity unchanged. Biomass power generation is an important source of stable renewable energy power. To ensure the supply of raw materials and form a policy environment for stable operation, biomass power will provide strong peaking support for wind power and photovoltaic power generation, and better promote the large-scale development of wind power and photovoltaic power generation. The environmental monitoring index of biomass energy project deviates from the real emission reduction. The regulatory requirements for pollutant emissions in biomass energy-related fields are easy to cause the misunderstanding of the whole society that biomass energy is a "high-pollution" industry. In many places, the atmospheric pollution emission standards of biomass energy projects are implemented with reference to the atmospheric pollution emission requirements of coal-fired power generation, especially the emission index requirements of nitrogen oxides, forcing biomass energy enterprises to increase nitrogen oxide reduction facilities, resulting in a further increase in the investment and operating costs of biomass energy projects lacking economic competitiveness, and to a certain extent, inhibiting the biomass carbon emission reduction benefits. Under the background of "dual carbon", taking into account the characteristics of biomass raw materials and the balance of carbon emission reduction benefits is the challenge faced by biomass energy environmental protection. It is difficult to formulate incentive policies and industry management for biomass energy industry. The complex diversity of the biomass energy industry chain limits the formulation of incentive policies. Factors such as raw materials of different technology types, conversion technology costs, product measurement methods increase the difficulty of researching and formulating incentive policies. Biomass power generation, heating, gas, liquid fuel production and transformation technology and economic calculation methods are different, incentive policies need to make a systematic analysis and evaluation of raw material differences in different fields, industrial scale, funding sources, market mechanisms, tax incentives, etc. Therefore, each field of biomass energy needs to set up a special incentive policy research. The existing incentive policy system has not fully covered the whole field of biomass energy. The biomass energy industry involves the cross-management of competent departments in many fields, which also brings inconvenience to policy formulation and implementation supervision, and cross-departmental communication and coordination mechanisms and collaborative cooperation need to be strengthened.