The pattern of exploitation and utilization of geothermal energy in China is gradually becoming clear

In 2014, Tianjin officially issued and implemented the country's first local industry standard in the field of medium and low temperature geothermal drilling - Technical Regulations for medium and low temperature geothermal drilling (DB 12/T 541-2014). During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, Tianjin has successively issued nine management systems such as the "Procedure for the Public Transfer of geothermal Mineral Rights", and organized the preparation of three local standards such as the "Technical Specifications for medium and low temperature geothermal drilling", "Technical Regulations for the evaluation of geothermal single (pair) well resources" and "Technical Regulations for the Evaluation of shallow geothermal energy Exploration in Tianjin", basically forming a normative system relying on the system and local standards.

In 2015, Tianjin improved the efficiency of the transfer and approval of geothermal mining rights through series to parallel, optimizing evaluation and demonstration procedures, and shortened the time limit for the transfer of exploration rights from the original 199 days to 122 days, increasing the efficiency by 39%. This reform measure has won the recognition of management counterparts.

In addition, Tianjin has achieved full coverage in post-certification supervision. A professional geothermal monitoring team and a team of inspectors have been established, and a dynamic monitoring system for geothermal development has been established relying on information technology, which has realized the instant upload and data sharing of basic data such as extraction volume, recharge volume and temperature, providing a foundation for strengthening resource protection according to law. In the past five years, a total of 195 million yuan has been collected from geothermal mining rights, providing a financial guarantee for geological exploration and resource protection.

Focus on protection and efficient use

In January 2013, four ministries, including the National Energy Administration, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Land and Resources, and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the development and Utilization of geothermal energy, putting forward the guiding ideology and strategic goals for the development and utilization of geothermal energy across the country by 2020. The introduction of the document marks that China's geothermal industry has entered a period of rapid development. At present, the annual growth rate of shallow geothermal energy utilization in China is more than 30%, and 31 provinces have carried out shallow geothermal energy development and utilization activities.

Does the large amount of geothermal energy mean that it can be exploited uncontrollably?

The reporter noted that the newly issued Measures for the Implementation of geothermal Resource Management in Tianjin this year introduced the concept of safe utilization for the first time, and institutionalized the policy requirements for surface water heat storage and recharge. In the interview, a number of industry experts also proposed that in the early stage of geothermal development, we should do a good job of resource evaluation, and pay attention to resource protection during development and utilization to ensure the sustainable development of the entire geothermal resources, and can not be over-exploited.

It is understood that at present, the utilization of geothermal resources in China is mainly through the exploitation of geothermal water carrier, but with the increase of mining volume and the continuation of mining time, the circulation of hot water supply is less than the amount of mining, and the trend of hot water level declining year by year is becoming increasingly apparent, which directly affects the deep development of geothermal resources. The problem of geothermal recharge has attracted the attention of many areas, especially in the basin hot fields developed and utilized in the early stage, such as Beijing, Tianjin, North China and other places, the development and utilization model of Xiongxian county has been established, which is "combining mining and irrigation, determining mining by irrigation, and extracting heat without water".

In recent years, while paying attention to the safe development, the intensive and economical utilization of geothermal resources has been placed in a more important position. Among them, the cascade utilization of geothermal resources, modern efficient agriculture, multi-energy integration, etc., are constantly expanding the extension of geothermal resource utilization, and have achieved results.

Tianjin has 11 agricultural planting and aquaculture units using geothermal resources, covering an area of more than 10 million square meters. Beiyuan Home, the largest geothermal heating community project in Beijing, is a comprehensive complex of residential, commercial and office buildings with a heating area of 406,000 square meters, which not only realizes the cascade utilization of geothermal water, but also combines the water source heat pump system to meet the winter heating and summer cooling needs of the community.