The construction of green mines and the development of green mining is the only way for China's mining industry to achieve high-quality development

1 Green mining construction must start from green mining

CAI Meifeng believes that the development of green mining and the construction of green mines must first start from green mining, and study mining and ecological environment as a large system. Not only the mineral resources are regarded as resources, but also the various elements of the ecological environment such as land, groundwater, vegetation, and atmosphere are regarded as important resources for utilization and protection.

At the beginning of mine construction, it is necessary to fully assess the impact and destruction of the environment and ecosystem that may be caused by mining. Through scientific design and the use of advanced technology, the impact and destruction of ecological environmental factors in the mining process should be reduced as much as possible, and the natural and ecological environment of the mining area should be protected from the source. It is necessary to effectively control the ground pressure activities of mines, maintain the stability of surface and underground rock formations, avoid and control the geological and dynamic disasters caused by mining, such as surface subsidence, mountain collapse, landslide, underground stope roof falling, rock burst, water inrush and so on, and the serious damage caused by them to the native vegetation, water resources and ecological environment system.

"Mining and mineral processing produce a lot of waste rock and tailings, which are persistent and serious sources of pollution." 'The precision cutting method used to mine the ore can reduce the output and discharge of waste rock,' Mr. CAI said. At the same time, the development of new beneficiation process and equipment, improve the recovery rate of beneficiation, thus greatly reducing the discharge of tailings. Minimizing the output and discharge of waste such as waste rock and tailings can shift the control of mine environmental pollution from the traditional end treatment to the source control.

Green mining focuses on the source and front-end. CAI Meifeng believes that the implementation of integrated mining and beneficiation technology, such as pulp transportation technology, the ore is crushed and ground into pulp after pre-beneficiation in the mine, and transported to the surface concentrator by pipeline hydraulic. Compared with other transportation schemes, it has a series of advantages such as low infrastructure investment, strong adaptability to terrain, and no or less land occupation, which is conducive to environmental protection technology. The concentrator is built in the mine, the mined ore is beneficiated underground, and then the concentrate is directly transported to the ground. The waste rock and tailings generated by the beneficiation are left in the mine for goaf filling, realizing in-situ utilization, and reducing the pollution and damage to the ecological environment after discharging from the ground. Moreover, underground mineral processing saves the cost of land acquisition, plant construction and tailings pond management, and eliminates the root cause of various natural disasters in tailings ponds. This is an important measure to give full play to the comprehensive benefits of the green and efficient development of mineral resources.

The accumulation of solid waste occupies a large amount of land and destroys forests, vegetation and landforms; The disordered discharge of waste rock and tailings will clog up river channels and pollute water bodies, which will do great harm to mine ecological environment and human health and survival. Therefore, it is of great significance for environmental protection to realize large-scale resource utilization of waste, digest and dispose of accumulated waste, and greatly reduce future emissions and storage. "As far as possible, we can recycle and effectively use the waste that is inevitably generated in situ. For example, in underground mines, the waste rock generated by mining and the tailings generated by beneficiation are used to fill the underground goaf, which will play an important role in maintaining the stability and safety of the underground stope, while avoiding and controlling the pollution and harm caused by waste discharge to the environment and ecology."

"Mine and surrounding environmental pollution and ecological damage caused by mineral resources development, the traditional mining model adopts the method of end-treatment, which has a large workload and poor effect." To this end, it is necessary to carry out activities to protect the ecological environment of mines, such as land reclamation, afforestation and prevention of soil erosion, in parallel with mining. If the ecological environment is seriously damaged after the mining is finished, the cost will be too high and the effect of restoring the natural ecological environment will not be achieved." CAI Meifeng said.

2. Mine ecological environment protection and restoration must be carried out simultaneously

Before mining, the possible impact and damage to the environment and ecosystem caused by mining excavation should be fully assessed, including the surface natural and ecological environment system, vegetation system, hydrological system, building facilities, etc. It is necessary to avoid the possible influence and damage through scientific design, and protect the natural and ecological environment of the mining area from the source.