Advanced technology and development approach of automatic underground mining of metal deposits

2.2 Remote control and intelligent technology of mining equipment

The automation degree of underground mining main equipment such as drilling rig, scraper and truck is one of the important indicators of the level of underground automatic mining. By continuously improving the automation level of mining equipment, the number of underground operators can be reduced, ineffective working hours such as underground personnel transportation can be eliminated, occupational health and safety hazards of underground personnel can be avoided, and equipment and labor productivity can be improved. Therefore, the development of underground automatic mining needs to research and develop the location and positioning of drilling RIGS, scrapers, trucks and other equipment in the stope and the remote control and intelligent control technology in the production process such as perforation, blasting, shoveling, transportation and unloading, as well as the intelligent monitoring technology, fault prevention technology and failure safety technology of underground mining equipment.

2.3 High-speed digital communication network technology

The underground communication conditions are very different from the surface communication conditions, the main problems are: the underground physical environment is bad, dark, wet, corrosive, many natural damage factors, high probability; Underground communication facilities layout space is limited; Wireless communication barriers are prevalent. Generally speaking, the existing underground communication infrastructure is uneven, and the overall technical level is relatively backward, which is difficult to meet the needs of the development of automatic mining technology. Therefore, the development of underground automatic mining needs to study the high-speed digital communication network technology suitable for underground communication. The main technical requirements include: a. In order to meet the needs of communication between underground and surface and the needs of communication between underground mining areas, it is necessary to consider the automatic adjustment of bandwidth to meet the needs of bandwidth redistribution due to the frequent increase and decrease of the number of underground mining areas, stopes or workplaces, and to adopt industrial standards or surface standards while considering the underground application environment to reduce the cost of underground communication facilities. b. To be able to achieve communication between PLC, PLC and automatic equipment communication, video image communication, local area network communication, wired telephone communication, as well as wireless voice, video and automatic equipment control signal communication; c. To meet the needs of physical extension of downhole communication network with mining progress, consider plug and play; d. Consider the standardization and standardization of underground communication technology, which is conducive to promotion and application; e. Communication physical facilities and communication effects are less sensitive to the downhole environment.

2.4 New technology of underground automatic mining

The development of mining technology is closely related to the level of mining equipment technology, and the development of high and new technology will certainly promote the innovation of mining technology. For example, sublevel caving without pillar mining technology is produced to adapt to specific underground surrounding rock conditions, but the improvement of mining equipment technology has greatly promoted the development of this mining method and its adaptation range. Therefore, the improvement of automatic mining control level will further promote the reform of mining technology and production process itself. Mining planning and design, well layout, stope parameters including section height and road spacing, number and geometric size of roadway, mining and mining methods and other technology will continue to develop with the improvement of mining equipment level. The technology, design, installation and operation management related to underground climatic conditions and auxiliary facilities such as ventilation, power supply, gas pressure and lighting need to be further explored.

3. Development approaches of underground automatic mining technology

The realization of unmanned mining or unmanned mining will be a long evolution process, but as the basic technology for the development of unmanned mining or unmanned mining - automatic mining technology, the development of foreign countries has more than 20 years of history. With the continuous improvement of China's information technology level, the strengthening of production safety standards and the worsening of mineral resources mining conditions, the development of automatic mining technology has been put on the agenda of scientific research and technological development of mineral resources development and utilization in China. The Ministry of Science and Technology of the State in the "eleventh Five-Year" period of the "Eighty-three" plan to start the first batch of thematic topics guide, the research of unmanned mining technology and related equipment as exploration oriented and goal-oriented topics one of the main research direction and content, marking the development of automatic mining technology in China has a good beginning.