There are 6 methods of slope stability control in mine and quarry and 4 measures of ecological restoration

As the demand for ore resources continues to increase, the ecological environment of the mine has been destroyed in a long term, resulting in a series of natural disasters such as soil erosion, landslides, debris flows and so on. Therefore, the restoration of the ecological environment of the quarry has increasingly become one of the problems that the society pays attention to.

1. Main contents of mine ecological restoration

1) Slope stabilization and reinforcement

After a long period of over-exploitation, the mine usually has the problem of geological instability and the mountain collapse and other safety hazards. Before the ecological restoration of the mountain, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the geological environment of the damaged mountain, analyze and demonstrate the risk of various geological disasters, and conduct current status assessment.

Through field survey and mapping, the distribution and scale of the damaged mountain, the susceptibility degree of mining side wall geological disasters, main inducing factors, stability, development and change trend, harm characteristics and so on are found.

According to the geological environment evaluation results, engineering treatment measures are adopted to treat the damaged mountain, such as removing the loose dangerous rock mass and potentially unstable blocks on the slope, cutting the steep slope, and system anchoring to strengthen the slope.

2) Mine vegetation restoration

In the process of mine ecological environment restoration, one of the most effective methods is to restore mine vegetation. The key point of this method is to first clarify the goal of mine ecological restoration, and conduct a comprehensive survey of the soil and environmental conditions of the mine, and then determine the method of vegetation planting.

3) Mine soil bioremediation

On the one hand, repairing soil microbes. The main method is to increase the activity of soil, and then increase the content of organic matter in soil. On the other hand repair soil animals.

A good repair of soil animals can effectively improve soil structure. Soil animals have the ability to decompose dead branches and residual branches, which can not only improve soil fertility, but also help soil plants complete the nutrient cycle.

2. Methods for the stability treatment of mine slope

Because the mining and stripping operation breaks the balance state of the original stress in the slope rock mass, the secondary stress field appears, which often causes the deformation and destruction of the slope rock mass and makes the rock mass unstable, resulting in caving, scattering, siting, toppling collapse and sliding. Before treatment, the safety assessment of the slope should be carried out first, and then the treatment begins.

General quarry slope treatment methods are as follows:

1) Slope cutting should be carried out for slopes with steep slope and unstable rock mass and deposits. For the steep slope with low height, it can also fill the pressure foot;

2) For the slope in the water-rich area, a combination of surface drainage and underground drainage plan must be formulated to carry out drainage, and if necessary, pilot holes can be drilled for drainage;

3) For the broken zone partially affected by geological structure, measures such as removal of dangerous rock or anchor rod and shotcrete support of steel mesh should be taken;

4) For slope rock weathering serious, easy to cause a small range of landslides after cutting the method of retaining wall treatment;

5) In order to prevent the pumice stone from falling and causing safety hazards, the slope must be cleaned and strictly inspected, and unsafe factors are found and dealt with in time. Then it can be combined with the greening project to lay metal mesh stone on the slope.

3. Measures for ecological restoration of mine slope

1) Clean the slope carefully

Slope treatment is one of the important contents in mine ecological restoration project. In order to do a good job in slope ecological restoration, the structure and geological condition of mine slope should be clearly defined first, and then the scientific treatment measures for mine slope should be determined. If the mine slope is a relatively loose mixture of soil and rock, it is necessary to clean the dangerous rock on the slope before treatment, and then take slope cutting measures combined with the design requirements to improve the smoothness of the slope.

2) Construct a scientific vegetation community structure

In order to improve the vegetation coverage rate of mine slope, suitable vegetation communities can be selected for planting. Since the species of shrub and grass plants are more suitable for growing in slope environment and have the advantages of self-sowing ability, such plants can be selected for planting in mine ecological restoration.

In order to improve the quality of ecological restoration, it is necessary to consider the specific form of mine slope, soil type, weathering condition, development degree of rock fissure and other factors.

3) Set up water interception and drainage facilities

If the mine slope does not do the layout of drainage facilities, surface water or groundwater will flow into the interior along the cracks in the rock mass, which will lead to the internal structure of the mine rock mass being softened and eroded over time, and eventually geological disasters such as landslides and soil erosion.

Therefore, it is necessary to scientifically arrange cut-off water and drain water according to the actual situation of mine slope, and discharge surface water and groundwater timely. After the construction of the drainage ditch, it is necessary to carry out regular maintenance to ensure the smooth drainage.

4) Do a good job of project acceptance

In order to ensure the quality of the mine ecological restoration project, it is necessary to standardize the construction process and clarify the construction standards. After the completion of the restoration project, it is necessary to conduct quality inspection and acceptance of each restoration link. The quality inspection and acceptance department shall strictly carry out the inspection and acceptance in accordance with the standards stipulated in the ecological restoration project, and especially strengthen the quality inspection and acceptance of concealed projects and sub-projects. In order to promote the mine can really restore the ecological function.

Before carrying out mine ecological restoration, it is necessary to fully understand the actual situation of the mine and clarify the objectives of ecological restoration, and then formulate a reasonable and scientific ecological restoration project plan. It is also necessary to actively seek new restoration measures according to local conditions, improve the effectiveness of ecological restoration, and finally improve the soil, vegetation and biological conditions in the mine area, so that the mine can restore ecological functions. Promote the sustainable development of mines.