What is the principle of thermal power generation

Step 4: Features

Thermal power plant is the process of converting chemical energy such as coal and fuel oil into electric energy through combustion. In addition to the characteristics of general electric energy production, thermal power plants have their own characteristics and requirements.

1. Must be safe and reliable production

Modern thermal power plants have high temperature (flame center temperature up to 1500 ~ 1700℃, steam temperature up to 600℃), high pressure (main feed water pressure up to 30MPa or higher), high speed (steam turbine speed 3000r/min, feed water pump speed 6000r/min), high voltage (generator voltage 35kV, high voltage, high voltage, high voltage, high voltage, high voltage, high voltage, high voltage, high voltage, high voltage, high voltage, high voltage, high temperature, high temperature, high temperature, high temperature, high temperature. Bus voltage 110kV), so the production process must adhere to the "safety first" policy. It is necessary to implement comprehensive safety management in all aspects from planning and design, equipment manufacturing, construction, production, operation and maintenance to training. At the same time, advanced equipment and means should be used to improve the safety of equipment. The operation relationship between the machine, the furnace and the electricity of the modern large-capacity reheat unit is complex, which should generally have the conditions of self-start and stop, and have the functions of perfect locking protection, over-limit protection, automatic shutdown, etc. The power grid should adopt the automatic frequency control and power automatic control device.

At the same time of safe production, thermal power plants must also have high reliability, so as to give full play to the potential of power supply equipment, ensure uninterrupted power supply and ensure the quality of power supply to users, and give full play to the economic benefits of the power system.

2. Strive for high economy

Thermal power plants are technology and capital intensive enterprises, the construction of thermal power plants, especially large power plants to consume a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, the current construction of a 4×600MW power plant, the need for investment of more than 6 billion yuan. Therefore, while ensuring safe and reliable production, we should strive to have a high economy in order to recover the investment as soon as possible. Thermal power plant power generation at the same time, its own is also a large energy consumption, a 2×600MW condenser power plant at full load will consume nearly 10,000 tons of coal per day, if every 1kW·h electricity saving coal consumption 1g, then a 1200MW power plant will save more than 8000 tons of standard coal per year, it can be seen that its energy saving potential is great. In order to reduce coal consumption and improve efficiency, in addition to the use of high-parameter, large-capacity units, the use of new processes, new materials in equipment manufacturing, the use of more reasonable thermal systems, an important aspect is to minimize the depreciation of energy in operation, reduce all kinds of unnecessary losses and waste. This requires the power plant to strengthen management, and constantly improve the technical level and responsibility of the operators. In recent years, computer energy loss on-line monitoring system and real-time loss analysis have achieved good results in energy saving and consumption reduction.

3. Continuously improve the degree of automation

With the improvement of the parameters and capacity of the unit, the structure and system structure of the equipment are becoming more and more complex, and the conventional way to monitor the operation of the unit based on the operator is becoming more and more difficult. A 200MW unit has 600 monitoring projects and 200 alarm projects, and it is difficult to ensure the safe and economic operation of the unit only by the operator's monitoring operation. Therefore, continuously improving the degree of automation is not only the need for safe and economic operation, but also the need to improve the working conditions of operators and improve productivity. At present, large units are equipped with automatic monitoring and control systems, and electronic computer technology has been introduced at home and abroad to achieve a series of functions such as data collection and processing, CRT screen display, tabulation and printing, accident recall, unit performance calculation and automatic control of operation.

4. Do a good job of environmental protection

Thermal power plants pollute the environment in many ways. First of all, the flue gas emitted by the boiler contains a lot of dust and nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide and other harmful gases, of which dust will pollute the air, harmful to health, sulfur oxide (SOx) will form acid rain, nitrogen oxide (NOx) is harmful to crop growth and human health of the gas. Secondly, the slag discharged from the lower part of the furnace after coal combustion, as well as the ash discharged from the lower part of the dust collector and the tail of the flue, if it is discharged into rivers and lakes without proper treatment, it will also cause serious pollution. In addition, the noise generated by power plants and the circulating water discharged into rivers and lakes will produce certain pollution. These are to take certain measures to control and prevent.