Analysis of the development trend of smart ships - Maritime patrol boats

one. Smart Ship Overview

1. Reasons for developing smart ships

In recent years, due to the rise of the concept of intelligent ships and the increasing development of intelligent ship technology, ship intelligence has become the general trend of global shipping. In order to reduce the difficulty of ship control and management through ship intelligence, reduce human error, improve the safety of equipment and ship operation, optimize ship navigation, control fuel consumption, reduce costs, and improve revenue, the current research on intelligent ships has been carried out on a global scale.

2. What is a smart ship

On December 1, 2015, the "Smart Ship Specification" prepared by the China Classification Society (CCS) was officially released, which defined: "Smart ship refers to the use of sensors, communication, Internet and other technical means, automatic perception of information and data, and through automatic control technology and big data processing and analysis technology to achieve intelligent operation." Based on "big data", intelligent ships use advanced information technology such as real-time data transmission and aggregation, large capacity computing, digital modeling, remote control, etc., to realize intelligent ship perception, judgment analysis, decision-making and control, so as to better ensure the navigation safety and operational efficiency of ships. Intelligent ships are also the clear focus of the "Made in China 2025". It represents the future development direction of ships and is related to the transformation and upgrading of the shipping industry. 

3. Intelligent ship function module

The "Smart Ship Code" issued by the China Classification Society divides smart ships into six functional modules: intelligent navigation, intelligent hull, intelligent engine room, intelligent energy efficiency management, intelligent cargo management and intelligent integration platform.

4. Key technologies in smart ships

(1) Information perception technology

Ship information perception refers to a technical means that the ship can obtain various information of the ship itself and the surrounding environment based on various sensing equipment, sensor network and information processing equipment, so that the ship can sail more safely and reliably.

(2) Communication and navigation technology

Communication technology is used to realize the information exchange between the systems and equipment on the ship, between the ship and the shore station, between the ship and the beacon. Commonly used communication methods mainly include: VHF (very high frequency), maritime private network, maritime satellite, mobile communication network (mobile phone network) and so on. Navigation technology is used to guide a ship's movement from one point to another on a designated route, and usually includes processes such as positioning, destination selection, path calculation, and path guidance. Navigation technologies commonly used in ships include early radio navigation and now widely used satellite navigation. Beidou navigation satellite system provides a new development opportunity for China's ship navigation field.

(3) Energy efficiency control technology

In 2007, the world's maritime vessels emitted 1.04 billion tons of CO2, of which about 870 million tons were emitted by international shipping, accounting for 3.3% and 2.7% of the global total CO2 emissions in that year, respectively. In order to improve the energy efficiency of ships and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of ships (energy conservation and emission reduction), the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has proposed EEDI (Energy Efficiency Index of new shipbuilding design) and EEOI (Energy Efficiency Index of Ship Operation). The development of smart ships should conform to the development trend of "green ships", analyze the internal relationship between navigable environment, loading capacity, draft, main engine power (speed) and ship operation energy efficiency index EEOI, and optimize the control of ship speed, loading capacity, draft, route, etc., on the premise of ensuring ship safety and operation efficiency. To minimize the EEOI index.

(4) Route planning technology

Route planning refers to the intelligent and real-time selection of the ship's position and route in the waterway according to the traffic flow control information of the navigable waters, the ship density in the forward waterway, the company's shipping schedule information, the channel current distribution information, and the navigation difficulty information of the waterway, so as to optimize the route and achieve the purpose of safety, efficiency, and green environmental protection. At present, the common route planning methods include linear programming method, mixed integer programming model, genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, particle swarm optimization algorithm and other intelligent algorithms

(5) Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis technology

Condition monitoring technology is a technology to predict the operating state of equipment by monitoring the development trend of equipment vibration. By understanding the health status of equipment, it can judge whether the equipment is in a stable state or is deteriorating. In the future, ship fault diagnosis can be based on big data, and multi-scale analysis method can be used to construct equipment condition monitoring system. Fault diagnosis technology is to master the operation status of the ship machinery and equipment during operation or when the equipment is basically not dismantled, analyze and process the useful information obtained by testing the diagnosed object, determine whether the state of the diagnosed object is abnormal or faulty, determine the parts or parts where the deterioration occurs, and determine the cause of the fault. And predict the development trend of state deterioration.