The emerging new energy power generation technology

1. Photovoltaic power generation of new energy power generation technology

Solar energy is the most abundant energy that man can use. According to the theory of stellar evolution, the sun radiates energy for 10 billion years at its current power and can be used as a permanent energy source. It shines at the ground for 40 minutes and emits enough energy to power the world for a year. Solar power generation is divided into solar thermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation. Usually said solar power generation refers to solar photovoltaic power generation.

Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that converts light energy directly into electrical energy by using the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor interface. The key element of this technology is the solar cell. After the solar cells are packaged and protected in series, a large area of solar cell modules can be formed, and then combined with the power controller and other components to form a photovoltaic power generation device. Photovoltaic power generation, in theory, photovoltaic power generation technology can be used for any occasion that needs power, up to spacecraft, down to household power supplies, large to megawatt power stations, small to toys, photovoltaic power is everywhere. The most basic component of solar photovoltaic power generation is the solar cell (sheet), which has monocrystalline silicon, polysilicon, amorphous silicon and thin film batteries. Among them, monocrystalline and polycrystalline batteries are the largest, and amorphous batteries are used for some small systems and computer auxiliary power supplies. The efficiency of polycrystalline silicon cells is about 16% to 17%, and the efficiency of monocrystalline silicon cells is about 18% to 20%. A photovoltaic module is composed of one or more solar cells.

Second, wind power generation of new energy power generation technology

Wind energy is an inexhaustible, clean and pollution-free renewable energy. Wind power generation is one of the most mature technologies, the most large-scale development conditions and commercial development prospects in the field of renewable energy in addition to water energy. In recent years, it has been paid more and more attention by all countries in the world. The global wind energy is about 2.74×109MW, of which the available wind energy is 2×107MW, which is 10 times larger than the total amount of water energy that can be developed and utilized on Earth. The development of wind power generation is very important to adjust the energy structure, reduce environmental pollution and solve the energy crisis.

The world's total wind energy is 2Xl013W, about three times the world's total energy consumption. If just 1% of wind energy was harnessed, it could reduce the world's energy consumption by 3%. Wind energy is used to generate 8 to 9 percent of the world's electricity.

Third, geothermal power generation of new energy power generation technology

Geothermal refers to the natural heat stored within 10km of the Earth's surface, mainly from the heat generated by the disintegration process of radioactive elements in the Earth's crust.

Geothermal power generation is the most important way of geothermal energy utilization. Geothermal power generation and thermal power generation principle is the same, are the use of steam in the steam turbine to convert into mechanical energy, and then drive the generator to generate electricity. To use the underground heat energy, it is first necessary to have a "heat carrier" to bring the underground heat energy to the surface. At present, the heat carrier that can be utilized by geothermal power stations is mainly the natural steam and hot water underground. According to the different types of fluid, temperature, pressure and other characteristics, geothermal power generation can be divided into geothermal steam, underground hot water, combined cycle and underground hot rock power generation.

4. Ocean power generation by new energy power generation technology

Ocean energy includes tidal and tidal energy, temperature difference energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, salinity difference energy, offshore wind energy, Marine biological energy, Marine geothermal energy and so on.

Marine energy can be divided into mechanical energy, thermal energy and chemical energy according to the form of energy storage. Among them, tidal energy, ocean current energy and wave energy can be mechanical energy, seawater temperature difference can be thermal energy, seawater salt difference can be chemical energy. Studies of the causes of Marine energy have found that tidal and tidal energy comes from the gravitational changes of the sun and moon on the Earth, and the rest is basically from solar radiation.

5. Biomass power generation of new energy power generation technology

Biomass refers to the organic matter produced by plants through photosynthesis, including plants, animals and their excrement, garbage, biogas and organic wastewater.

Biomass energy is almost everywhere, according to the World Wide Fund for Nature, the global biomass energy potential of about 8 billion tons of standard oil, equivalent to 73% of the world's total energy consumption in 2009.

Since the biomass contains biomass energy, the biomass energy contained in the biomass can be converted into electric energy through appropriate methods. Is the basic idea of biomass power generation.

6. Nuclear power generation of new energy generation technology

Nuclear power generation is a way of generating electricity by using the heat energy released by nuclear fission in a nuclear reactor.

The energy of nuclear power generation comes from the fission energy released by the fissionable material (nuclear fuel) in the nuclear reactor. Fission reaction refers to the process of splitting heavy elements such as uranium-235, plutonium-239, and uranium-233 into two pieces under the action of neutrons, releasing neutrons and a large amount of energy at the same time. In the reaction, the nucleus of the fissionable material absorbs a neutron and then fission and releases two or three neutrons. If these neutrons are consumed, at least one neutron can cause the other atomic nucleus to fission, so that the fission is self-sustaining, the reaction is called a chain fission reaction. The realization of chain reaction is the premise of nuclear power generation.

Under the problems of energy shortage, global warming, environmental deterioration of haze and acid rain, new energy power generation technology is of great significance to the harmonious development of human beings and nature. Therefore, new energy power generation technology is the trend of the world's future power generation technology, which can not only save the few non-renewable energy sources such as coal and oil, but also protect the environment. Although the new energy power generation technology has a bright future at the same time, there are more or less some technical, application, cost problems to be solved in the future, but with the rapid development of science and technology, new energy power generation technology will one day become the mainstream of the world's power generation technology.