Family elderly care support policy system: a comprehensive construction for both the supply and demand of family care services

We will improve the home environment to accommodate aging. If the traditional virtues such as praising and respecting relatives and filial piety are to create a good "soft environment" for the elderly, then the aging transformation of the home environment is to create a good "hard environment" for them. The suitability of the home environment for aging is of great importance, which is related to the life safety and physical health of the elderly, and has an important impact on better playing the basic role of family pension. From the existing practice at home and abroad, the aging adaptation of home environment has been proved to be an important way to improve the quality of home life of the elderly. Some aging transformation measures, such as installing handrails in the bathroom, non-slip treatment on the indoor floor, and installing emergency callers for the elderly, can provide great convenience for the elderly's home life. At present, the phenomenon of "old people living in old houses" and "housing not suitable for old people" is prominent in China, and it is imperative to transform the home environment of the elderly to adapt to aging. Previously, China only implemented the home environment modification for the elderly, disabled and disabled elderly families who were included in the special poor and registered poor people, and the overall benefit was relatively narrow, and the initiative of family members was not fully mobilized. In recent years, China has issued a number of policy documents on age-appropriate renovation, and the top-level design of age-appropriate renovation of the home environment has gradually become clear. At the same time, various localities have successively introduced detailed programs to accelerate their inclusion in people's livelihood practical projects, and the aging transformation of the home environment is entering the "extensive practice period" from the "pilot exploration period".

In the future, to promote the renovation of the home environment suitable for aging, it is necessary to focus on the residential environment, public space, inner space, construction equipment and facilities, start from the physiological, psychological and behavioral characteristics of the elderly, take different life scenes as traction, target at different types of elderly people and their differentiated daily life needs, in accordance with the principle of "basic guarantee" and "voluntary choice". Based on professional experience, the professional team determines the specific renovation matters, provides the corresponding design options for the elderly, proposes a more practical, targeted and personalized aging renovation plan for the home environment, avoids "one size fits all", and truly creates a comfortable, safe and suitable home for the elderly.

(2) Improve family support policies for those in need of family care for the elderly

In practice, family care for the needy - the family support policy expected by the elderly at home mainly includes three aspects: economic support, service support, and technical support:

Financial support. When the elderly live at home, they need a stable source of economic support, whether they get basic living security or accept socialized elderly care services. At present, with the full coverage of the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents, the elderly can receive a monthly pension of varying amounts in addition to their own savings and other sources of income. However, due to the large size of the elderly population aged 80 and above and the high proportion of elderly women, China not only needs to consider the issue of extending the pension payment time, but also needs to consider how to better protect the basic life of these elderly groups, and implement economic support for the elderly from the institutional level to ensure that their living standards will not be reduced. To reduce the burden of family pension. [7]

To be specific, a collaborative mechanism between old-age security and social assistance should be established to provide reliable old-age security for the elderly, especially low-income elderly groups. First, we will develop a multi-tiered and multi-pillar pension insurance system. [8] Learn from international experience, establish a three-pillar model consisting of national basic annuity, occupational annuity and personal savings pension insurance, and gradually increase the proportion of the second pillar. Specifically, it is to break the current situation that the basic pension insurance system is separate, and carry out the national basic pension reform for the pension insurance system of government organs and public institutions, the basic pension insurance system of enterprise employees and the basic pension insurance system of urban and rural residents. Relying on national tax contributions, we will establish a national basic annuity that covers all citizens, guarantees the basic and has a unified level across the country, implement pay-as-you-go, and realize the unification and coordination of various basic pension insurance systems in basic pensions, reflecting inclusive fairness and limited government liability. On this basis, establish a multi-level structure of the pension insurance system, implement the occupational annuity system for several different groups of people, and vigorously develop the personal savings pension insurance. In the path of realization, individual accounts and pooling accounts in the current basic endowment insurance system can be completely separated, and the pooling account can be developed into a pay-as-you-go national basic annuity, with funds mainly coming from enterprises (units) to pay taxes and implement national pooling; The personal accounts will be transformed into occupational annuity accounts, and the universal implementation of occupational annuity system will be promoted. Second, according to the situation of aging population, the necessary parameters of the pension insurance should be reformed, and a moderate level of pension replacement rate should be designed and maintained to provide adequate economic security for the elderly. To adapt to the incentive flexible retirement policy, it is necessary to embed a treatment adjustment mechanism in the basic pension scheme, and deduct part of the pension for those who retire before the delayed statutory retirement age (except for those who can retire early according to the law), and increase part of the pension for those who delay retirement. Third, establish a minimum pension system and other low-income elderly income protection mechanism, improve the old age allowance system, increase the pension benefits of low-income retirees and elderly people, and effectively reduce the risk of poverty among the elderly. The fourth is to establish a long-term care insurance system as soon as possible to provide a reliable source of funds for the elderly at home to receive socialized professional care services, so as to avoid the elderly from being unable to enjoy necessary care services due to the low level of pension. Fifth, establish a social assistance system for the elderly to provide living subsidies and nursing subsidies for low-income, disabled and semi-disabled elderly groups, and provide a practical and effective safety net for their basic living security.