How to restore the geological environment of mine?

The content of the comprehensive treatment plan is that the solid waste such as slag, coal gangue and surrounding rock should be formulated for storage, treatment and reuse. The main point of the comprehensive treatment plan of open-pit mining is that the best storage plan of solid waste such as slag and surrounding rock should be formulated before mining, and attention should be paid to the rational utilization of available beneficial components.

At present, the more popular and social attention is relatively high "development governance", mainly involving safety, ecology and resource utilization of three standards, mine environmental governance must not only meet the safety standards and ecological standards, but also take into account the reuse of resources, that is, after management to use it to develop leisure parks, orchards, woodland or construction land, in order to give full play to its resource efficiency. The main obstacle to the current development of "development governance" is the lack of implementation rules, the former Ministry of Land and Resources and other departments of the opinion No. 63 is only a guiding document, but in the actual application of the need for clearer, more detailed norms.

At present, the most sensitive issue is the comprehensive utilization of resources in the "development governance". The comprehensive utilization of resources is defined as: the comprehensive development and rational utilization of symbiotic and associated ore in the process of mineral resources exploitation; Recycling and rational utilization of waste residue, waste water (liquid), waste gas, heat and pressure generated in the production process; Recovery and recycling of all kinds of waste generated in the process of social production and consumption; For the solid waste generated in the process of mineral resources development, the principle of treatment is to make the best use of what can be used and dispose of what can not be used reasonably.

Strictly speaking, although the current concept of comprehensive utilization of resources reflects some characteristics of comprehensive utilization of resources, with the continuous progress of society, from today's perspective, there are still some limitations in the content of this definition, which needs to be re-recognized and expressed under new historical conditions. Resource utilization is not only limited to industrial production process, but also needs to consider the comprehensive utilization of resources under all the conditions of resource utilization. In the process of mineral resources development, it is not only limited to the comprehensive development and rational utilization of symbiotic and associated ore, but also includes the comprehensive utilization of tailings resources.

Adhering to the comprehensive utilization of resources is in line with the thought of the 18th and 19th National Congresses of the Communist Party of China that "we must establish the concept of respecting, adapting to and protecting nature as an ecological civilization". Comprehensive utilization of resources is an objective description of the way of resource utilization, which reflects the respect for the objective reality of resource utilization. This statement shows that people use resources in a variety of ways, not rigid, dogmatic, static. The concept of comprehensive utilization of resources is put forward from the Angle of resource efficiency and economic benefit, which is consistent with the law of market and economic law, and considers the maximization of resource utilization efficiency.

On January 17, 2019, the National Natural Resources Work Conference pointed out when clarifying the key work in 2019, "Ensuring energy and resources security." We will take multiple measures to intensify oil and gas exploration and development, improve the protection and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources, and strengthen geological survey and mineral exploration."

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward five development concepts, namely innovation, coordination, green development, opening up and sharing. The report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further stressed that "we must unswervingly implement the concept of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development." Comprehensive utilization of resources is closely related to these five development concepts. First, on innovation. Comprehensive utilization of resources is always based on technological innovation, it can be said that without technological innovation, there will be no development of comprehensive utilization of resources, or even no basis for existence. Secondly, on coordination. The meaning of "comprehensive" in the comprehensive utilization of resources is closely related to coordination. Synthesis means to systematically consider all kinds of resource utilization methods, while coordination means to rationally allocate all kinds of resource utilization methods. Both comprehensive utilization and coordinated utilization of resources are to consider the utilization of resources from a global perspective. Third, about green. The concept of green development requires the protection of the ecological environment system and the harmonious coexistence between the guarantor and nature, which is an inevitable requirement for the construction of ecological civilization. While emphasizing economic benefits, comprehensive utilization of resources must consider environmental benefits, otherwise it is impossible to maximize the efficiency of resource utilization. Fourth, on openness. Comprehensive utilization of resources truly, objectively and accurately reflects the law of resource utilization, and is consistent with the thinking and actions of rational and efficient utilization of resources in the world. Fifth, about sharing. The concept of resource comprehensive utilization and sharing is closely related: through the comprehensive utilization of resources to realize resource sharing; Use the means of comprehensive utilization of resources to realize the sharing of economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits of resource utilization.