We will promote innovative development of information infrastructure from a high starting point

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is booming on a global scale, and the new generation of information technology, represented by 5G, artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing and blockchain, has become the pioneer technology that has penetrated into all areas of economic and social life. In order to effectively promote the large-scale commercial application of the new generation of information technology in the whole society, accelerating the construction of new information infrastructure has become a priority strategic choice for all countries.  During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, on this basis, we should follow the development trend of technological innovation, meet the major needs of economic and social development, continue to promote the evolution and upgrading of information infrastructure, build a high-speed, universal, integrated, interconnected, secure and efficient information infrastructure, and continue to strengthen the leading and supporting role of information infrastructure in economic and social development. Lay a solid foundation for accelerating the construction of a modern economic system.

First, the evolution and upgrading of information infrastructure is accelerating globally

The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has not only brought great disasters, but also promoted the rapid development of the global digital economy. The process of digitization, networking and intelligence of the whole society is accelerating, and human society is gradually entering a new era of perception, interconnection and intelligence of everything, bringing huge opportunities for the development of information infrastructure. It also puts new and higher demands on the capacity of information infrastructure.

(1) Improving network infrastructure capacity is still a long-term development demand. Promoting the evolution of network infrastructure to high-speed, ubiquitous, and space-space integration is still the mainstream of future global development. In terms of mobile communications, the global evolution and upgrading from 4G to 5G networks has accelerated. By the end of March 2021, 154 network operators in 64 countries/regions around the world have begun to provide 5G commercial services, and 5G network coverage has reached 15.62% of the population. In terms of fixed broadband, gigabit fiber upgrades are the focus of development, and 234 operators in 57 countries around the world have released gigabit bandwidth services. In terms of backbone network, ultra-high-speed large-capacity optical network has evolved to 200G/400G transmission. Satellite Internet, low-orbit satellite Internet into the commercial deployment stage, the United States SpaceX triggered a new round of Global competition, its satellites into orbit rapidly increased to 1737, the British government and Indian telecom operator Bharti Global 45% of OneWeb company has reached 218. In terms of iot, the number of LTE-M networks deployed/commercialized globally has reached 51, and more than 100 countries have deployed/commercialized NB-IoT networks. By the end of 2020, there will be 12.6 billion connected iot devices worldwide.

(2) Computing facilities have become the new focus of information infrastructure development. Under the background of the integration of various ICT technologies and the accelerated digital transformation of various industries, the global data volume is ushering in a new round of explosive growth. According to IDC's forecast, the amount of data added worldwide in the next three years will exceed the sum of the past 30 years, and the total global data will grow at a compound annual growth rate of 26% to 142.6 zettabytes by 2024. This makes the demand for data storage, data transmission, and data processing grow exponentially, constantly increasing the demand for computing resources. At the same time, many intelligent applications need to be provided online in real time, such as the real-time interaction between autonomous vehicles and surrounding vehicles, roadside units and signal lights in the Internet of vehicles scenario, and the real-time processing and feedback of the data collected by networked devices such as sensors, AR/VR devices, and radio frequency scanner identifiers in the smart factory scene. This puts forward higher requirements for the ubiquitous supply and timely provision of computing power. In order to adapt to this development trend, a multi-level computing facility system consisting of data centers, supercomputing, cloud computing, edge computing, artificial intelligence computing centers and other facilities is evolving, and the integration and collaboration of computing power at different levels and systems will become a major trend in infrastructure development, and continue to promote the development of cloud network integration, cloud edge integration and computing network integration.

(3) New technology infrastructure is growing at a faster pace. As more and more devices are connected to the network and more and more business processes are digitized and intelligent, people will build more and more complex economic and social systems in the digital world, which requires information infrastructure to provide people with more user-friendly, low cost, superior and reliable performance, timely and convenient access to general information technology tools. In addition to basic network infrastructure and computing infrastructure, new information infrastructure is relying on new technologies to explore and develop more infrastructure forms. For example, many regions such as the European Union have explored the construction model of blockchain infrastructure, and the United States and the United Kingdom have announced the exploration of new infrastructure such as quantum Internet and digital twins. Around the full life cycle of data acquisition to value mining applications, new information infrastructure systems are constantly developing and improving.

Second, our country accelerated the information infrastructure construction solid foundation but outstanding challenges

From a global perspective, the path of new information infrastructure construction is being explored, and China's construction and deployment are at the same starting line as major developed countries. After years of development, China's information infrastructure has formed a pattern of comprehensive development of infrastructure such as perception, network, computing power and new technology, and the construction scale and development level are at the forefront of the world. Promoting the sustainable innovation of information infrastructure development China has a good foundation, but there are many challenges.

From the perspective of perception facilities, China has built the world's largest narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) network, deploying millions of NB-IoT base stations, basically achieving continuous coverage above the county seat, and the number of mobile Internet of Things connections exceeds 1.136 billion. From the perspective of network facilities, China's mobile communication network and optical fiber network are the largest in the world, with extensive coverage and leading technology. By the end of 2020, China will have 5.75 million 4G base stations, more than 718,000 5G base stations, 113.9 mobile phones per 100 people, and more than 200 million 5G terminal connections. The optical transformation of broadband access has been basically completed, with broadband users over 100 megabits accounting for more than 90%, and more than 300 cities have begun to build gigabit access networks. More than 98% of the country's administrative villages and poor villages have access to optical fiber and 4G, and it is expected that the administrative villages without broadband access will achieve dynamic zero clearing by the end of 2021. From the perspective of space facilities, the Beidou-3 global satellite navigation system has been launched, and the global positioning accuracy is better than 10 meters. The Zhongxing 16 high-throughput satellite and Tiantong-1 mobile communication satellite have all entered commercial operation, and the low-medium orbit satellite constellation has entered the stage of experimental star verification. From the perspective of computing power facilities, its marketization degree is the highest, and its development has achieved positive results. The scale of Internet data centers continues to grow rapidly, and it is developing to large-scale and large-scale. By the end of 2020, the number of standard racks of data centers in use in the country is about 4.4 million, the scale of cloud computing is close to 43 million cores, the average gearing rate is about 50%, and the level of energy consumption is gradually declining. The supercomputing power is in the forefront of the world. A number of high-performance open computing platforms, intelligent computing centers and other facilities dedicated to artificial intelligence are gradually taking shape. From the perspective of new technology infrastructure, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other infrastructure began to explore deployment. Artificial intelligence has gradually formed new forms of infrastructure such as development platforms, general AI capability platforms and industry-specific AI capability platforms. The deep learning platform developed by key enterprises has been open source operation, general AI capability platforms such as intelligent voice, computer vision, and natural language processing are gradually taking shape, and industry-specific AI capability platforms such as assisted diagnosis and treatment, autonomous driving, and urban brain are rapidly being promoted. Autonomous blockchain underlying platforms continue to emerge.

Despite the rapid development of China's new generation of information and communication infrastructure, there are still some problems to be solved: First, the perception, computing power, blockchain and other infrastructure fields have not yet formed a development pattern of integrated development and coordinated promotion. The deployment of sensing facilities is mostly fragmented and smokestack, which is difficult to form scale effect and play the role of infrastructure. Computing facilities and blockchain infrastructure compete with each other, and while promoting the continuous progress of technology and services, there is also a phenomenon of separate governance, repeated construction, and blind construction. The integration and coordination of computing power facilities and network facilities also need to be actively promoted. Second, the industry application market of information infrastructure needs to be cultivated. Facing the new industrial Internet market, the capacity of 5G, optical fiber broadband, artificial intelligence and other infrastructure needs to be improved, the application supporting cost needs to be reduced, and the business model needs to be continuously explored. In addition, how to properly cope with the hidden dangers of supply chain security and new challenges of network security that are subject to others, how to release the value of data elements, and give full play to the multiplier effect of new infrastructure are also urgent problems to be solved.

Third, accelerate the construction of a new type of future-oriented information infrastructure

During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, information infrastructure should face the forefront of global technological innovation, promote the use of construction, use with construction, accelerate the formation of a sustainable information infrastructure construction and development model, and build an intelligent comprehensive infrastructure that integrates data perception, transmission, storage, computing, processing and security. It will provide strong driving force for developing the digital economy, promoting common prosperity and achieving high-quality development.

(1) Innovate the construction model and develop ubiquitous collaborative perception facilities. In recent years, with the digital development of traditional fields, perception facilities represented by video acquisition equipment and tactile sensors have accelerated the popularity of security, transportation, environmental protection, urban management and other fields, and the co-construction and sharing of perception facilities has a certain foundation. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, it is necessary to innovate the deployment mode of perception facilities, comprehensively promote the construction of the integrated management and application system of the Internet of Things, explore the establishment of a unified identification system and a unified data format for perception facilities, make full use of resources such as power supply, network and spatial points for intensive deployment, and promote the construction of technical development platforms and industrial management platforms. 

(2) Continue to upgrade network facilities in line with technological and economic development trends. Information networks are the basis for the development of new infrastructure. We should meet the requirements of digital, networked and intelligent development of the economy and society, accelerate the introduction of new technologies, and promote the evolution and upgrading of network facilities. First, promote the comprehensive in-depth coverage and capability upgrade of 5G networks. Comply with the development trend of technology and application, accurately optimize the layout for 2C and 2B, and build a 5G network with extensive coverage, advanced technology and high quality. For vertical industry applications, accelerate the maturity of technologies and solutions such as end-to-end network slicing, and break through the bottleneck of network supply capacity. Strengthen the innovation of 5G industry private network mode, promote the construction of 5G virtual private network, increase policy support, and accelerate the large-scale development of industry applications. Second, we will continue to upgrade broadband networks. At the access network level, to meet the needs of urban households, small and medium-sized enterprises and commercial users, accelerate the supply of gigabit broadband access capacity in urban areas. We will encourage innovation in high-speed broadband applications, organize gigabit broadband application demonstrations, and expand application space.

(3) Strengthen the overall layout and effectively improve the efficiency of computing facilities. Computing power is the most important driving force for the development of an intelligent society, and the development of the Internet of everything and industry intelligence requires the support of complementary types, flexible scheduling, on-demand distribution, and green and efficient computing infrastructure. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, it is necessary to take market demand as the traction, continue to optimize the layout of data centers, and promote the formation of a data center construction pattern of "hot data processing gathering first-tier cities and surrounding areas, cold data processing gathering resource-rich areas in the central and western regions, and low-delay data close to users for distributed deployment". At the same time, we will actively promote the deep integration of cloud computing and edge computing deployment with the optimization and evolution of information and communication network architecture, vigorously promote the integration of digital networks, computing networks and cloud-edge coordinated development, and form a full coverage of distributed end-to-end computing power to meet the needs of the cloud, network and edge for on-demand distribution and flexible scheduling of computing and storage resources. Continue to promote the development of computing facilities in the direction of green, intelligent, large-scale and high-density, constantly improve the energy efficiency level and efficiency level of computing facilities, and develop towards the direction of carbon peak carbon neutrality.

(4) Actively cultivate new technological facilities for emerging needs. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, for emerging technologies with strong versatility, innovative technology application models and construction and operation models should be encouraged to accelerate the formation of infrastructure forms and better play an enabling role. First, promote the construction of artificial intelligence infrastructure in combination with industrial realities and regional advantages. Rationally layout artificial intelligence computing centers, and vigorously develop higher performance and lower cost computing capabilities. Promote connectivity between different frameworks and common platforms. Combined with regional characteristics and industry needs, the development of inclusive "smart +" industry empowerment platform. Second, explore and promote the construction of blockchain infrastructure. Explore the construction of cross-chain platforms, promote the connection of upstream and downstream of the industrial chain and regional coordinated development, and promote the implementation of applications in key areas such as product traceability, data sharing, supply chain management, and electronic deposit-taking. Third, strengthen research on quantum communication, quantum computing, and new network infrastructure, carry out experimental network construction and application exploration in a timely manner, and cultivate new infrastructure forms in advance of layout.