The main framework of ecological restoration of mine geological environment

The main framework of ecological restoration of mine geological environment

The ecological restoration of mine geological environment is aimed at the problems of mine geological environment and mine ecological environment. In each subdivision of the problem, the mining geological environment ecological restoration has different treatment attitudes, holding different restoration ideas, and therefore developed into different ecological restoration technologies, the following brief overview of the ideas to deal with different issues.

1. Problems of mine resources

The essence of mine resource problem is the resource related problem brought by mine exploitation. These resource problems include the utilization and storage of coal gangue, the planning of construction land in mining area and the damage and reconstruction of artificial structures in mining area. From a certain point of view, this kind of problem is more inclined to the planning problem, trying to better realize the utilization of mine resources through planning means. For example, the underground filling of coal gangue is used to avoid the accumulation of coal gangue mountains, the sustainable utilization of construction land after the closure of mining pits, the construction of irrigation facilities and road configuration for each reconstructed field in accordance with scientific planning methods, and the reasonable decision on the amount of vegetation planting during ecological reconstruction. They are more like the same kind of problems that need to rely on scientific operational research and land planning knowledge to complete.

2. Mine hydrogeological environment problems

The problem of mine hydrogeological environment refers to the change of mine hydrologic environment, water resources structure, water quality and so on. Water resource is an important part of mining environment, so it is necessary to separate it from the mining environment. The solution of hydrogeological environmental problems mainly depends on real-time detection, and enough hydrological monitoring points must be equipped. At the same time, existing hydrological problems need to be remedied and solved in time. For example, aquifer destruction caused by well mining, subsidence water, surface water quality and water quantity monitoring and other problems, in fact, the problem of goaf water is also more discussed in the ecological reconstruction and land reclamation issues (Pei Wenming et al., 2018). The problems of mine hydrogeological environment require efficient monitoring and sound evaluation system. Besides, water conservation mining, grouting and plugging are often used in this field. In the face of changes in the surface hydrogeological environment, researchers are more likely to complete ecological restoration according to local conditions. For example, the water-logged area caused by collapse is more likely to be directly restored to fish ponds by digging deep and filling shallow layers.

3. Mine surface geological hazards

Mine surface geological disaster is an extremely serious problem caused by mining. In addition to avoiding the areas with high incidence of geological disasters in advance in the process of land planning and management and mine construction, it mainly relies on the ground monitoring technology with high timeliness and precision. For example, geological hazards in mines can be monitored with high precision through InSAR to facilitate timely population evacuation, land planning and management.

4. Mine soil environmental problems

Mine soil environment is a hot issue in mine ecological environment monitoring and pollution control. As mentioned above, the problem of mine soil environment mainly refers to the problem of the damage of physical and chemical properties of mining soil under the influence of mining activities. This type of problem is aimed at the duration of mining activities and the possible soil damage caused by mine closure and the damage of mining objects acting on it. Its primary concern is the soil itself, due to the huge impact of soil as a ground object substrate, researchers need to pay special attention to the derivative pollution.

The first thing to consider is the monitoring and evaluation of the soil environment in the mining area, including its ecological interaction objects. Different from the monitoring of ground collapse, researchers mostly monitor the damage of some indicators (leaf area, biomass, etc.) of the ground objects in the mining area in real time through the spectral band through earth observation. In addition, the protection and restoration of soil damage, including the protection and management of its affected objects, is also the focus of its attention.

5. Destruction of mine landform and natural landscape

The destruction of landform and natural landscape in mining area is an important problem. The destruction of landform in mining area caused by open pit or well mining needs to be completed by means of restoration. The core problems are soil reconstruction and water system restoration. In addition, the recently emerging problem of landscape evaluation and landscape reconstruction of damaged mining areas is also an important issue. Researchers have begun to pay attention to how to make the ecosystem after ecological restoration and reconstruction of mining areas closer to the natural form of the ecosystem and maintain its resilience.