Basic knowledge of open pit mining

Divided by section shape: whole section (1-5 a), unilateral groove (1-5 b)

6. open pit An area where open pit mining has taken place and is taking place, formed by steps and open pits.

Hillside open air: closed circle above. Sunken open air: closed circle below.

Constituent elements:

(1) Side wall: the overall surface around the open-pit mine, divided into: top wall, bottom wall (slope), end wall.

(2) working slope (working slope of respose).

(3) working slope and working slope Angle.

(4) Non-working slope surface and final slope Angle.

(5) Upper and lower final boundary line...... A closed curve where the surface of a non-working slope intersects the surface or the floor of an open pit at the end of mining.

(6) Final limit of open pit: the position defined by the final limit line at the upper and lower end.

Second, open pit mining process:

Perforation - blasting - mining - transport - discharge.

Process form: discontinuous process, continuous process, semi-continuous process.

These production links are closely coordinated with each other, so while constantly improving each production link, it is necessary to examine their links in order to improve the comprehensive production capacity of the all-open pit mine.

Third, the development process of open-pit mine project:

As mentioned earlier, the extraction of ore and rock from open pit mines is achieved from a certain process, and this work is generally referred to as open pit engineering.

Open pit mine engineering: according to the construction object, stripping engineering and mining engineering; According to the construction form, it can be divided into digging ditch works and covering works.

The development of mine engineering is carried out according to certain procedures.

For a step: Dig in and out of the trench opening section of the trench expansion.

For the upper and lower levels: trench digging and flank expansion are carried out at the same time, that is, the upper horizontal flank expansion is carried out at the same time as the lower horizontal trench digging, so:

The mine engineering depth continues to increase until the final mining depth.

The line of work at each level of production continues to advance outwards from the position of the initial ditch until the final boundary.

In the process of development, the open-pit mine gradually changes from small to large, from shallow to deep, and continuously extracts ore and strips rock until it is mined within the final boundary. The essential feature of the development process of open-pit mine engineering is gradual, that is, the mining work should continue to move in space, the step work line should continue to expand and advance, and the open-pit will expand further and further.

The characteristics of open-pit mining work are summarized: the production object is the natural ore rock, the mining site and production conditions continue to change, the old level continues to end the new level of production, forming the mining process from preparation to production and from production to new preparation of the cycle of movement law, so that digging, stripping, and mining between the three always maintain interdependence and mutual constraints.

Open pit mining plan

I. The significance of mining:

➤ It is a necessary means to ensure the continuous balanced production of mines

People need to have a plan in mind to do any job. From construction to mining, it usually takes more than a decade or decades, which requires a comprehensive plan, especially the characteristics of open-pit mine production: Production objects and working conditions often change (mine quantity, grade, occurrence conditions, surrounding rock characteristics, groundwater, climate, etc.) The work place is scattered and often moves, there are many production links, and the mining work needs its own preparation, with a cyclic movement law from preparation to production and from production to new preparation. Therefore, it is more necessary to develop a thorough excavation plan. Based on the comprehensive consideration of the cooperation of each process link in the open pit, the development of mining engineering in each period of the mine is made a comprehensive arrangement. In order to make more rational use of manpower, materials and equipment, balanced completion and over-completion of production tasks.

➤ It is an important link to implement the "sixteen character policy" and do a good job in mine management

Mining plan is the use of drawings and tables, indicating the specific time, space and quantity relationship of open-pit mine project development. The open-pit mining policy can be carried out concretely by drawing up plans. Therefore, it is an important document to design and guide the balanced production and comprehensive balance of open pit mine, and an important link to ensure the normal and sustainable production of mine and do a good job in mine management, and must be carefully prepared and implemented.

Division of extractive plans and tasks of each type of plan:

Extractive plans can be divided into two types:

➤ An annual open-pit mining schedule in design

It is an important document of mine design, is the embodiment of design decisions, its task is to determine the initial mine production capacity, balanced production stripping ratio to verify, and arrange the implementation and more accurately determine the open pit infrastructure time, infrastructure engineering amount, time to put into production, production deadline, design calculation year and the total amount of mining and stripping. Advance the position of the work line year by year, and calculate the equipment, personnel and materials required for each period and other mine facilities according to this plan.