Challenges and countermeasures of high-quality development of nuclear energy under the background of "dual carbon"

(3) Improve the economics of nuclear power in the future to cope with reforms such as the marketization of energy and electricity

With the deepening of China's energy and electricity market reform and the maturity of the national "carbon market" in the future, the nuclear energy industry will inevitably face competition with other forms of low-carbon energy. At present, China's nuclear power development has gradually completed the comprehensive transformation and upgrading to the third generation technology, and the relevant construction costs will gradually highlight the technical and economic advantages of the third generation technology and its scale effect after the substantial increase. The future nuclear power units may need to carry out peak load and purchase services to adapt to the new power system, which will also have an impact on the economy of nuclear power. On the basis of ensuring the safety, efficiency and innovation of nuclear energy, the nuclear energy industry needs to fully improve its economy to cope with the market-oriented reform of energy and electricity. For example, by improving the price composition of nuclear power and optimizing the design of nuclear power to reduce the cost of nuclear power (Nuclear energy industry association proposed "the construction price of third-generation nuclear power plants in mass construction is about 15,000 yuan /kW, and the on-grid electricity price is about 0.40 yuan /kWh", To achieve sustainable development of the industry through orderly growth of the scale of subsequent nuclear power construction, to actively expand the application of nuclear energy based on comprehensive cost advantages to achieve the development of nuclear energy in a broader energy field rather than limiting the competition in the power field, and to steadily and orderly improve the market competitiveness of nuclear energy and its share in the energy and power system. Establish and consolidate the important strategic position of nuclear energy in stabilizing the price of clean and low-carbon energy and even the cost of energy use in the whole society.

(4) Promote the sustainable innovation and development of nuclear energy through the successful experience of scientific and technological projects

Driven by major national projects and key scientific research projects, China's nuclear energy industry actively absorbs the world's advanced nuclear energy technology and independently achieved a series of advanced research results, and built the world's first AP1000 third-generation nuclear power unit and the world's first "Hualong One" independent third-generation nuclear power unit. The international leading high-temperature gas cooled reactor nuclear power demonstration project and the first commercial fast reactor demonstration project in China are under construction. In the future, China's nuclear energy development should actively summarize the successful experience of past development, and continue to promote scientific and technological innovation in the field of nuclear energy and its industry around the "dual carbon" goal, such as special research on the recycling and utilization of related equipment and materials for nuclear power plants, new models of integrated energy development, new energy-saving and efficiency processes and equipment (and localization), etc. Or for existing nuclear power plants and future nuclear power plants to carry out the overall Internet of things design and even smart nuclear power plant design, some major directions should also gather the strength of the whole industry to establish a national comprehensive innovation research and development center. In short, by assisting the innovative development of both the energy supply side and the consumption side, the implementation of the "dual carbon" strategic goals is achieved.

V. Concluding remarks

Under the guidance of the "double carbon" strategic goal, the transformation of China's energy industry will mainly be carried out from three aspects: energy structure adjustment, energy efficiency utilization and energy "carbon sink" project. As an energy variety with clean and low-carbon characteristics, nuclear energy should focus on promoting energy structure adjustment and energy efficiency utilization to help China achieve "two construction" and high-quality development of energy and power industry.