Development and utilization are increasingly specialized and large-scale



First, biomass power generation methods

1, direct combustion power generation

In China, direct combustion power generation technology has been perfected, and a single machine can reach 15MW. Since China's biomass energy is mainly based on straw and other crops as materials, most of the domestic biomass burning technology is based on straw burning technology. Straw direct combustion power generation technology is to put crop raw materials (such as straw, etc.) into the boiler through the conveying system, and directly burn in the furnace to produce a lot of heat, and the generated high temperature and high pressure steam expands in the turbine to do work, driving the generator to generate electricity.

2, mixed combustion power generation

The technology of mixing biomass raw materials with coal as fuel for power generation is called biomass mixed combustion power generation technology. There are two main combustion methods: one method has high requirements for fuel processing and combustion equipment, which is to directly mix biomass raw materials with coal and put it into the furnace for combustion; the other is to gasify biomass raw materials first, and send the steam generated by the mixed combustion of gas and coal into the turbine generator set.

3, gasification power generation

The technology of converting the biomass raw material into gas fuel after the gasifier is purified and burned directly in the gas engine to generate electricity or in the fuel cell is called biomass gasification power generation technology.

Second, biomass power generation status

Biological intelligence has various forms and wide applications, covering many fields such as power, heat, transportation, and construction. Biomass is an important part of the system, and the International Energy Agency proposed in 2018 that biomass is the neglected "giant" of renewable energy, and biomass will lead the growth of renewable energy consumption in the next five years.

According to IRENA's newly released RENEWABLE CACITY STATISTICS 2020, global installed renewable energy capacity reached 25,537 GW in 2019, an increase of 176 GW over 2018. Among them, the global biomass power generation capacity reached 124GW, accounting for about 4.9% of the entire renewable energy power generation capacity.

China's biomass power generation industry has now entered a period of capacity expansion, and the profit model is replicable. Data from the China Energy Administration show that China's cumulative installed capacity of biomass power generation rose rapidly from 10.3 million kilowatts in 2015 to 29.52 million kilowatts in 2020, and by the first quarter of 2021, China's cumulative installed capacity of biomass power generation increased to 31.49 million kilowatts. The growth of cumulative installed capacity of biomass power generation is mainly due to a number of industry supporting policies issued by the government to provide strong support for the development of biomass power generation. Secondly, the rising technological maturity of biomass power generation has promoted the expansion and construction of biomass power plants.

In the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Biomass Energy Development" issued by the China Energy Administration, it is pointed out that by 2015, the annual power generation of biomass will reach 78 billion kilowatts. As of 2015, China's annual biomass power generation is about 52 billion kilowatts, and has not completed the goal set by the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan". On the contrary, in 2017, China's biomass power generation was about 79.5 billion kilowatts, which is about to complete the goals proposed by the China Energy Bureau in the "13th Five-Year Plan" for biomass energy development ahead of schedule. By 2020, China's biomass power generation will reach 132.6 billion kilowatts.

In 2020, the top five provinces in China's annual biomass power generation are Guangdong, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, with 16.64 billion KWH, 15.89 billion KWH, 12.55 billion KWH, 11.14 billion KWH and 11.07 billion KWH, respectively.

Third, biomass power generation industry demand analysis

According to the data of the China Energy Administration, China's electricity consumption demand is large, and the electricity consumption of the whole society will increase from 5,523.33 billion KWH in 2014 to 7,511 billion KWH in 2020. In 2020, although affected by the epidemic, social electricity consumption still maintains growth. From January to April 2021, the entire society consumes 2,558.1 billion KWH of electricity. The strong demand for electricity will directly drive the development of the entire energy industry, biomass power generation industry as an emerging area of the energy industry, the increase in downstream power demand will also drive the development of midstream enterprises.

China's population growth and the pace of urban-rural integration continue to accelerate, and the urban population is gradually concentrated. With the rapid expansion of urban population, the amount of urban garbage is unprecedented, but the urban land resources are limited, and the garbage disposal capacity is insufficient, resulting in the phenomenon of "garbage besieged city" more and more serious. According to the data of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, since 2010, the volume of urban solid waste in China has increased year by year, and in 2019, the production of solid waste in 337 first-to-fifth-tier cities across the country reached about 343 million tons. Direct power generation through waste incineration can realize the organic combination of social and economic benefits, which is of great significance for improving ecological environment, alleviating energy problems and even sustainable development of urban economy.

Fourth, biomass power generation projects

In order to promote the distributed development and utilization of biomass energy, expand the market scale, improve the industrial system, and accelerate the pace of professional and diversified industrialization of biomass energy. Biomass power generation is the main form of biomass energy utilization, in recent years, in order to promote biomass power generation, the state has issued a series of biomass energy utilization policies, including the "13th Five-Year Plan for Biomass energy Development", "National Forestry Biomass Energy Development Plan (2011-2020)", and through the form of direct financial subsidies to accelerate its development.

Under the strong promotion of national policies and financial subsidies, China's biomass power generation investment continues to grow. Data show that in 2020, China's biomass power generation investment exceeded 160 billion yuan, and 1,353 biomass power generation projects have been put into operation nationwide, an increase of 259 compared with 2019 and 451 compared with 2018.

5. Key problems in the development of biomass energy in China

1. The strategic position of biomass energy has not yet been determined

Biomass energy uses organic waste to produce renewable clean energy, which can supply clean energy, control environmental pollution and cope with climate change at the same time, and is one of the effective measures to achieve carbon neutrality. Biomass energy is conducive to the construction of ecological civilization, the construction of beautiful countryside and rural revitalization, can increase the creation of jobs, increase the income of rural residents, and has good social and environmental benefits. However, at present, the strategic position of biomass energy has not been determined, and the parties have not paid enough attention to it, affecting the development of the industry.

2. The priority access guarantee for biomass non-electrical applications is insufficient

The "Renewable Energy Law" has not fully reflected the protection of biomass heat, bio-gas, biodiesel and other non-electric fields, and the priority development and utilization of biomass energy has not received due attention. Due to franchise restrictions, biomass heat, bio-gas, biodiesel and other biomass non-electric products are difficult to enter the corresponding market fairly, and even suffer from quality and price discrimination. The Renewable Energy Law has not issued relevant rules to open up access to the market and ensure the priority application of biomass energy products. For violations, there is a lack of effective supervision and punishment measures.

3. Insufficient economic incentives for the application of biomass in non-electrical fields

At present, the economic incentive policies for biomass energy are mainly concentrated in the field of power generation, and there is no clear incentive policy support in the non-electricity fields such as biomass heat, bio-gas, biodiesel, and bio-refined products. Biomass energy difference

The characteristics of other renewable energy lies in the diversity of products, which can be widely used in various energy fields such as heating, gas supply, and transportation fuel. As a renewable energy and strategic emerging industry, biomass energy is difficult to compete with traditional fossil energy economically, but biomass energy has obvious advantages in environmental and social benefits, especially in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric environmental governance, and lacks corresponding economic incentives, limiting the embodiment of industrial value.

4, the biomass energy industry standards and regulatory system is weak

There is still a lack of authoritative standards in various fields of biomass energy to guide the standardized development of the industry. Although the framework of the standard system in various fields of biomass energy has been basically formed, it is difficult to implement and supervise the standards. Most of the existing standards are non-mandatory standards and are only recommended standards for industry guidance and reference. Biomass energy product categories are diverse, in addition to national standards, different products in different regions also have their own regulations and standards, the standard system lacks norms, making the implementation of standards more difficult. In terms of supervision, the lack of effective statistics of industry information and data has not formed an effective regulatory standard system, and it is greatly affected by standards and regulatory restrictions in the process of integrating into the fossil energy system.

5. The biomass resource security and industrial data statistical system need to be improved

Although China has carried out some relevant work on biomass resources investigation, it has not formed a mechanism for regular investigation and evaluation of biomass resources, especially the lack of detailed statistical data on biomass resources that can be utilized for energy, and the lack of a clear proposal to establish a resource guarantee system for biomass raw materials, and the serious lag in updating information of biomass energy-related data. In the process of biomass energy project development, the problem of resource competition often occurs, and the lack of full understanding of the resource situation in the surrounding area is an important reason leading to the competition and insufficient supply of raw materials. The development trend of biomass energy in China 1, biomass power generation from pure power generation to cogeneration

Simple biomass power generation projects have been unable to adapt to the new situation demand for clean heating in China, more and more biomass power generation projects began to transform to cogeneration, including industrial heat, commercial heat, civil heating, improve the efficiency of biomass power generation projects, improve the economy of the project, and promote the diversified development of biomass power generation products in China.

2. The application of biomass energy in non-electrical fields is being strengthened

In the process of energy transformation, biomass energy has three forms of solid, liquid and gas, which can provide clean heat, electricity and power, therefore, it has been used in transportation, electricity, heating, heating and other aspects, and is gradually expanding the scope of application, and is changing to comprehensive energy supply.

3. Biomass energy application technology is diversified

There are many kinds of biomass energy raw materials, each with its own characteristics, which determines that its application should be diversified. Products from electricity to electricity, heat, carbon, gas, oil, fertilizer multi-generation high value-added conversion and utilization direction in-depth development. Progress has been made in bio-natural gas, fuel ethanol, cogeneration and biodiesel technologies.

4. The development and utilization of biomass energy is increasingly specialized and large-scale

More and more large-scale professional companies have joined the field of biomass energy, which has driven the development of the entire industry, injected vitality into the development of the industry, imported funds and talents, and made the development of the industry more specialized. At the same time, due to policy adjustment, the project has developed to scale and large-scale, which has a good role in promoting the industry to strengthen self-discipline, cultivate leading enterprises, and form regional clusters.