Mine hydrogeological types and prevention measures of groundwater influence on mining

O Quotation

China is currently in a stage of rapid development, the demand for resources is large, the mining industry is developing rapidly, but there is a certain risk in the mining process, there are often some safety accidents, to the life safety of the corresponding staff has brought a threat, but also destroyed the ecological resources, must be prevented.

1 Division of mine hydrogeological types

1.1 Classification of mine water filling types

There are various bases for the division of mine hydrogeological types. If it is based on geological exploration types, it can be divided into the following 6 types: ① Karst type. When mining, the groundwater encountered by the corresponding mining personnel is mainly karst water, and the mines affected by karst water are called karst mines. ② Pore type. The pore type mine has remarkable characteristics. The interior of the mine is full of pores. After the water enters the mine voids, it becomes a pore type mine. ③ goaf water type. In the process of mining, if the mining is not carried out arbitrarily according to the law, the goaf water mine will be formed, which will have a more adverse impact on the subsequent mining work. ④ Terrestrial phenotype. If the infiltration of surface water occurs, it will certainly cause a series of effects on the mining work, and this kind of mine is called the geological mine. ⑤ Fissure type. If there are some cracks in the mined mine, the water continuously washes the mine, it will form a crack mine. ⑥ Mixed type. There are many kinds of water filling conditions in the mine, which will form a mixed mine.

1.2 Division of complexity of mine hydrogeological conditions

It can be divided into four types: ① simple type. Both geological and hydrological conditions are very simple and very low in complexity. The corresponding personnel can use very simple methods to explore, and when mining, the difficulty is very small. ② Medium type. For medium-sized mines, there is a certain complexity in hydrological conditions, there is goaf water in the mine, but the amount is very small, and the exploration work is relatively easy. When determining the scale range, it can be effectively determined. ③ Complex type. In complex mines, the geological structure is usually very complicated, and the mine is filled with more water, and the exploration work is difficult to carry out. When exploring the scale of the mine, it is difficult to accurately understand the scale. ④ Extremely complex type. There is a lot of goaf water in such mines, and the water content is very large. The mine of extremely complex type has certain risk, and may collapse.

2. Impact of groundwater on mining

2.1 Influence of groundwater on mine foundation

In the process of mining, it is necessary to fully consider the influence of groundwater on mine foundation and carry out corresponding research work. If there is no specific need, the designer should design the location of the infrastructure when designing the foundation of the mine project. It is usually chosen to be set above the water table. If there are some specific needs, when the necessary infrastructure is set under the water table, a series of waterproof measures must be taken, and the necessary anti-corrosion treatment of the infrastructure must be carried out to improve the stability of the safe operation of the mine to a certain extent. If you want to set up some infrastructure in the confined water layer, it is necessary to strictly manage and control the groundwater level, and methods can be adopted to reduce the water level, effectively avoid the occurrence of groundwater discharge phenomenon, so as to ensure the smooth progress of mining work.

2.2 Damage to mine soil layer caused by groundwater pressure

In a relatively stable natural environment, there is generally no dynamic pressure of groundwater, but due to the influence of some factors, such as artificial irrigation, frequent mineral exploitation, etc., the balance of groundwater pressure will be reduced. When the balance is disturbed, local groundwater can become too stressed. If there is silty soil layer inside the mine, there may be sand flow phenomenon, which will cause deformation, displacement, etc., and the possibility of safety accidents will be increased. Therefore, when mining, appropriate means should be adopted to minimize the pressure on groundwater. Some mines themselves have some unstable factors, when not mined, unstable factors are not shown, if after contact with the outside world, a variety of mining equipment continue to carry out a variety of operations, it may cause unstable factors, therefore, it is necessary to closely observe the change of indicators.

2.3 Groundwater changes affect mines

Due to the influence of human and natural factors, the groundwater level will undergo a series of changes, and these changes continue to accumulate, and after reaching a certain degree, it will have an adverse impact on the mine soil layer, that is, the change of groundwater affects the mine. There are two kinds of groundwater change: water level rise and fall: (1) water level rise. When there are some changes in temperature, increasing rainfall, irrigation work, etc., the water level will rise, thus making the salinization problem more serious, not only will cause certain harm to the mine, but also may occur geological disasters, such as collapse, which will pose a certain threat to the safety of the mine. ② The water level drops. The groundwater level may decrease under some influences, which will make the hardness of the mine soil layer increase continuously, thus destroying the geological conditions and deforming the foundation to a certain extent, which is not conducive to the progress of mining work.

3 Related preventive measures

3.1 Clarify the evaluation content of hydrogeological exploration

Through the above introduction, we know that the hydrogeological types of mines are very diverse, and groundwater will also have a greater impact on the actual mining engineering. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the evaluation content of hydrogeological exploration. ① When the corresponding staff does not carry out the exploration work, it is necessary to fully view the relevant data of the exploration area, and carry out the actual exploration on the basis of understanding the basic situation. In the process of exploration, it is necessary to delineate key indicators, and then collect a large amount of data information. When selecting survey sites, the number should be as large as possible to avoid missing problems. (3) Hydrogeological exploration work should be completed at different times, such as dry period and wet period, and the exploration methods adopted should be different. There will be some changes in the natural environment, using a variety of methods, can be better hydrogeological exploration work. (4) The corresponding staff need to start from multiple aspects when evaluating hydrogeological exploration, so that more accurate and comprehensive data information can be obtained to prevent accidents.

3.2 Attach importance to the testing and research of water quality

China's mineral resources mining work after a long time is also in continuous development, almost reached the peak state, if you want to continue mining, you must develop in the deep direction. The hydrogeological types of mines show an increasing state, and the influence of groundwater is also gradually expanding. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the testing and research on the water quality, obtain research results, and constantly improve the quality of the test, so as to provide more preventive countermeasures. When water quality is sampled, groundwater is usually sampled twice a year, during periods of low and high water. According to the actual situation, the sampling times can be increased. When the water quality is fully understood, the number of samples can be appropriately reduced. The types of groundwater are also very many, according to different basis, can be divided into different. If based on aquifer, it can be divided into pore water, fissure water and karst water. Different types of groundwater have different hydrological properties. After a thorough study of water quality data information, it is possible to understand the changes in water level and volume. According to a series of analysis, it is known that the hydraulic properties will affect the formation stability of the mine to a certain extent, and may lead to the formation deformation.

3.3 Strengthen the investigation of potential security risks and increase capital investment

Improving the investigation of safety hazards can effectively prevent the occurrence of geological and hydrological accidents. Some dangerous areas, often occur some accidents, for these areas to focus on the investigation. It is necessary to fully study the basic situation of the mining area, and when the investigation is carried out, it can not leave dead corners and investigate thoroughly. The corresponding technical personnel can be assigned to carry out special monitoring work, the 24-hour duty system can be implemented, appropriate monitoring methods can be adopted to collect data, and the deformation of dangerous rock mass can be prepared every day. Second, we need to increase capital input. In the process of mining work, if some safety risks are found, measures should be taken immediately to avoid the risks, timely evacuation of the surrounding residents, and residents should be given some relocation subsidies to protect the rights and interests of residents. If a security incident has occurred, measures should be taken to deal with it. The corresponding departments should also improve the management of mining rights, ensure the smooth rectification work, improve the market mechanism, and ensure the order of the market.

3.4 Mechanism innovation

It is necessary to innovate the management mechanism in time, design a scientific and reasonable emergency management plan according to the actual situation, and set up a mining team with a high professional level. For some safety accidents that have occurred, we should prevent them in time. Around the mining area, tailings ponds are sometimes built, so it is necessary to do the monitoring and reinforcement of tailings dam body to effectively avoid dam break accidents, so as to ensure the balance of ecological environment to a certain extent. The corresponding management personnel must establish the concept of prevention, improve the duty of some dangerous areas, and always pay attention to the weather changes, if the rain weather occurs, it should be timely response measures, set up some safety buffer zone, effectively avoid disasters. Some geological and hydrological accidents often occur when mineral resources are exploited and used efficiently. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the prevention and control level, pay attention to the protection of the environment, and ensure the sustainable development of the ecological environment. In the development process of the mineral resources industry, gradually realize the value of resources, control the rapid economic growth to a certain extent, and carry out paid development of mineral resources, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of excessive mining, and also carry out certain macro-control of the market.