Mine hydrogeological types and prevention measures of groundwater influence on mining

O Quotation

China is currently in a stage of rapid development, the demand for resources is large, the mining industry is developing rapidly, but there is a certain risk in the mining process, there are often some safety accidents, to the life safety of the corresponding staff has brought a threat, but also destroyed the ecological resources, must be prevented.

1 Division of mine hydrogeological types

1.1 Classification of mine water filling types

There are various bases for the division of mine hydrogeological types. If it is based on geological exploration types, it can be divided into the following 6 types: ① Karst type. When mining, the groundwater encountered by the corresponding mining personnel is mainly karst water, and the mines affected by karst water are called karst mines. ② Pore type. The pore type mine has remarkable characteristics. The interior of the mine is full of pores. After the water enters the mine voids, it becomes a pore type mine. ③ goaf water type. In the process of mining, if the mining is not carried out arbitrarily according to the law, the goaf water mine will be formed, which will have a more adverse impact on the subsequent mining work. ④ Terrestrial phenotype. If the infiltration of surface water occurs, it will certainly cause a series of effects on the mining work, and this kind of mine is called the geological mine. ⑤ Fissure type. If there are some cracks in the mined mine, the water continuously washes the mine, it will form a crack mine. ⑥ Mixed type. There are many kinds of water filling conditions in the mine, which will form a mixed mine.

1.2 Division of complexity of mine hydrogeological conditions

It can be divided into four types: ① simple type. Both geological and hydrological conditions are very simple and very low in complexity. The corresponding personnel can use very simple methods to explore, and when mining, the difficulty is very small. ② Medium type. For medium-sized mines, there is a certain complexity in hydrological conditions, there is goaf water in the mine, but the amount is very small, and the exploration work is relatively easy. When determining the scale range, it can be effectively determined. ③ Complex type. In complex mines, the geological structure is usually very complicated, and the mine is filled with more water, and the exploration work is difficult to carry out. When exploring the scale of the mine, it is difficult to accurately understand the scale. ④ Extremely complex type. There is a lot of goaf water in such mines, and the water content is very large. The mine of extremely complex type has certain risk, and may collapse.

2. Impact of groundwater on mining

2.1 Influence of groundwater on mine foundation

In the process of mining, it is necessary to fully consider the influence of groundwater on mine foundation and carry out corresponding research work. If there is no specific need, the designer should design the location of the infrastructure when designing the foundation of the mine project. It is usually chosen to be set above the water table. If there are some specific needs, when the necessary infrastructure is set under the water table, a series of waterproof measures must be taken, and the necessary anti-corrosion treatment of the infrastructure must be carried out to improve the stability of the safe operation of the mine to a certain extent. If you want to set up some infrastructure in the confined water layer, it is necessary to strictly manage and control the groundwater level, and methods can be adopted to reduce the water level, effectively avoid the occurrence of groundwater discharge phenomenon, so as to ensure the smooth progress of mining work.

2.2 Damage to mine soil layer caused by groundwater pressure

In a relatively stable natural environment, there is generally no dynamic pressure of groundwater, but due to the influence of some factors, such as artificial irrigation, frequent mineral exploitation, etc., the balance of groundwater pressure will be reduced. When the balance is disturbed, local groundwater can become too stressed. If there is silty soil layer inside the mine, there may be sand flow phenomenon, which will cause deformation, displacement, etc., and the possibility of safety accidents will be increased. Therefore, when mining, appropriate means should be adopted to minimize the pressure on groundwater. Some mines themselves have some unstable factors, when not mined, unstable factors are not shown, if after contact with the outside world, a variety of mining equipment continue to carry out a variety of operations, it may cause unstable factors, therefore, it is necessary to closely observe the change of indicators.

2.3 Groundwater changes affect mines

Due to the influence of human and natural factors, the groundwater level will undergo a series of changes, and these changes continue to accumulate, and after reaching a certain degree, it will have an adverse impact on the mine soil layer, that is, the change of groundwater affects the mine. There are two kinds of groundwater change: water level rise and fall: (1) water level rise. When there are some changes in temperature, increasing rainfall, irrigation work, etc., the water level will rise, thus making the salinization problem more serious, not only will cause certain harm to the mine, but also may occur geological disasters, such as collapse, which will pose a certain threat to the safety of the mine. ② The water level drops. The groundwater level may decrease under some influences, which will make the hardness of the mine soil layer increase continuously, thus destroying the geological conditions and deforming the foundation to a certain extent, which is not conducive to the progress of mining work.