Present situation and developing trend of mining technology in China



The economic development has dragged the technological change, and in the development of the industrialization road, "mining industry as the first life supply of industrial technology" has a huge demand. Therefore, the mine development efficiency and development quality have become the first factor affecting the industrial development of our country. This requires us to take a pragmatic and innovative attitude, down to earth, to develop efficient, safe, fast and inexpensive mining technology, and comprehensively improve the existing mining skills. Optimize the structure of the mining industry to ensure standardization, specialization and large-scale mechanization of the mining industry.

1. Status of mining technology

Open stope mining method, caving mining method and filling mining method are the main methods and main skills of modern mining industry in China, and its technology, technology and mechanical equipment have made great progress and changes compared with the past.

2 Empty field method

In view of the harsh environment of underground mining, the comprehensive advantages of open-stop mining method can be used in the mining process. While ensuring efficiency, it can also overcome the problems faced in underground mining, such as deep pits, large holes, open stops and large stopes with the characteristics of phased mining. Although the mining method will be different, but the open pit mining method, with its unique skills, coupled with large transfer machinery, can improve the mining intensity and mining skills from different levels, therefore, the open pit mining method has been widely used in our country, it can not only greatly improve the mining efficiency, but also greatly save the mining cost. The real implementation is efficient and fast.

3 Caving method

The sublevel caving method without bottom pillar is a new, efficient, safe and fast mining method. Its application rate in metallurgical underground mines can reach more than 80%, occupying "half of the mining technology". At present, its use history in China has reached ten years. From the initial small parameters gradually developed into the current amount of ore collapse, and each use can increase the number of ore collapse. When using large parameters and comprehensive technical measures, it can not only comprehensively improve the mining efficiency, but also save unnecessary intermediate links, save mining time, but also further reduce mining costs, and the benefits are very considerable, so the sublevel caving method without bottom pillar is incomparable in the mining industry.

4 Filling mining method

Filling mining technology synthesizes the advantages of each process and large-scale mechanization technology, especially in the ore dropping, support and mining and other aspects of the role is particularly prominent. During the filling process, different changes will be experienced in three stages. First, the development of consolidated filling technology is very fast, followed by graded tailings consolidated filling, developed to all-tailings consolidated filling with high concentration, then to non-dehydration, and finally, non-shrinking all-tailings consolidated filling. In terms of mining technology, only by fully raising the height of stratified sections can it be further developed into large hole ore fall, and combined with the improvement of stope structural parameters, to realize mechanized filling in the disk area, so that the filling system can enter the semi-intelligent stage. In the development of filling mining technology, a group of advanced technology, filling mining technology, generally in our country has been reasonable application, to a certain extent, also filled the vacancy in the field of mining in our country, completely rewritten the passive situation of underground metal mines in our country, opened the high efficiency, low cost mining precedent, but also revealed the development process of mining technology in our country.

5. Development trend of metal mining technology

The progress of mining technology has promoted the development of mining technology in our country. While comprehensively developing the mining economy, the mining industry should also think comprehensively from the perspective of environmental protection, personal safety, social impact and social responsibility. The factors that hinder social development should be appropriately restricted and constrained. Therefore, the development of mining technology should start from the following aspects.

(1) Mechanization, automation and high efficiency of mining equipment. From the overall level, China's mining technology has developed by leaps and bounds, but the proportion of mechanized construction is still very small. Such a situation, to a large extent, seriously limits the mining efficiency of our country. Therefore, in the development process of mining technology, it is necessary to strengthen the promotion of large hole piercing equipment, medium and deep hole full hydraulic drilling tools, as well as the main loading equipment such as shaft drilling machinery and scraper, as well as the maintenance of a series of auxiliary mechanical equipment such as vibration mining and continuous mining. Thus, the development trend of trackless, high efficiency and semi-automated and fully automated mining technology can be realized.

(2) Deep well mining technology. With the continuous development of mining engineering, the shallow resources in our country have also been sharply reduced, and we have to dig from deep, for the length and depth of deep Wells, there is no very clear concept, but our country will generally exceed 1000m mines, named deep mining. Because the mineral deposits are buried deeper, the ground pressure is greater, and the rock temperature will also increase. Therefore, in the process of mining minerals, it will encounter unimaginable technical problems, such as mine lifting, drainage, support, ventilation and a series of problems that cannot be solved by manpower. In order to reverse this situation, we can only start with mining technology and mechanical equipment, comprehensively improve the adaptability of machinery, improve the performance of mining technology and mining machinery and equipment, so as to effectively ensure the safety of mining engineering and the efficiency of mining mining.

(3) Develop green mines. From the point of view of environmental protection, mining projects will not only destroy the natural environment, but also leave industrial "sequelae" such as waste gas, wastewater, waste residue, which will bring strong damage to the natural environment and natural air. Therefore, the protection of the mine environment has become the primary theme of environmental protection. First of all, it is necessary to study the method of waste utilization, secondly, it is necessary to use environmental protection means to establish pollution-free mines and clean mines, and finally, environmental systems such as pollution-free and destruction-free are incorporated into the system implementation of mining regulations.

(4) Develop digital and intelligent mines. The development of information technology, while bringing benefits to mining technology, also provides professional skills in engineering design, production scheduling, disaster forecasting, system monitoring level, so that mining technology can continue to develop. What the digital mine is aiming at is the whole of a mine, which is also the reproduction and understanding of digitalization. It takes the application technology software of the mine as the tool, takes the highly skilled and automated data acquisition system as the means, and finally aims to realize the unmanned mining and intelligent mining as well as the high-speed information network system of the mine, and collects the actual data for the various projects of the mining site. The monitoring system is implemented to allow various mining processes and mining processes to be carried out at the same time, and to make accurate judgments on various working environments to achieve intelligent real-time management. Although this technology is still far away from us, as long as we have firm confidence, forge ahead, and gather all manpower, weakness, and financial resources, and plan and step by step to realize the mining content of digital mines, this day is no longer far away from us.