Coal chemical industry, what is coal chemical industry?

Coal chemical industry refers to the process of using coal as raw material and transforming coal into gas, liquid and solid fuel and chemicals through chemical processing. It mainly includes coal gasification, liquefaction, dry distillation, tar processing and calcium carbide acetylene chemical industry. Coal chemical process The industry of converting coal into gas, liquid and solid products or semi-products, and then further processing into chemical and energy products.

Including coking, calcium carbide chemistry, coal gasification and so on. With the decrease of petroleum resources in the world, coal chemical industry has a broad prospect.

The process of converting coal into gas, liquid and solid fuels and chemicals by chemical processing.

It mainly includes coal gasification, liquefaction, dry distillation, tar processing and calcium carbide acetylene chemical industry.

Among the production technologies available in the coal chemical industry, coking was the earliest process and is still an important part of the chemical industry today.

Coal gasification plays an important role in coal chemical industry, is used to produce various gas fuels, is a clean energy, is conducive to improving people's living standards and environmental protection; Syngas produced from coal gasification is the raw material for a variety of products such as synthetic liquid fuels.

Direct coal liquefaction, or high pressure hydroliquefaction of coal, can produce artificial petroleum and chemical products. In times of oil shortage, coal liquefaction products will replace the current natural oil.

Development and application

Coal chemical industry began in the second half of the 18th century, and a complete coal chemical system was formed in the 19th century. In the 20th century, many organic chemicals that use agricultural and forestry products as raw materials are mostly produced by coal, and coal chemical industry has become an important part of the chemical industry. After the Second World War, the petrochemical industry developed rapidly, and the production of many chemicals was transferred from coal to oil and natural gas as raw materials, thus weakening the position of coal chemical industry in the chemical industry. The chemical structure of organic matter in coal is based on the aromatic thick ring as the unit core, connected by bridge bonds, and the macromolecular structure with various functional groups. Through thermal processing and catalytic processing, coal can be converted into various fuels and chemical products. Coking is the earliest and still the most important method, its main purpose is to produce metallurgical coke, while by-product gas and benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene and other aromatics. Coal gasification also plays an important role in coal chemical industry, which is used to produce city gas and various fuel gases, and also used to produce syngas. Liquid fuel is mainly produced in the process of coal low temperature distillation, direct coal liquefaction and indirect coal liquefaction.

Processing process

The chemical structure of organic matter in coal is the aromatic thick ring as the unit core and consists of bridge bond

Processing process

Macromolecular structures connected with each other and with various functional groups (see coal chemistry) can be converted into various fuels and chemical products through thermal and catalytic processing (see figure). In the various chemical processes of coal, coking is the earliest and still the most important method, its main purpose is to produce metallurgical coke, while by-product gas and benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene and other aromatics; Coal gasification also plays a very important role in coal chemical industry, which is used to produce city gas and various fuel gases (widely used in machinery, building materials and other industries), and is also used to produce syngas (as a raw material for synthesis of ammonia and methanol). Coal low temperature distillation, direct coal liquefaction and indirect coal liquefaction are mainly the production of liquid fuel, which has been developed in the first half of the 20th century. After the Second World War, due to the economic inability of its products to compete with natural oil, it tends to stop. At present, only in South Africa still has indirect coal liquefaction plants. Other direct chemical processing of coal, the production of lignite wax, sulfonated coal, humic acid and activated carbon, etc., still have small-scale applications.

Coal chemical equipment

There are many kinds of coal chemical equipment, mainly divided into dynamic and static two categories. Among them, pressure vessels such as hydrogenation reactors, gasifiers, reduction furnaces, heat exchangers, carrying vessels, pipelines, valves and so on belong to static equipment, and pumps, fans, compressors, air separation equipment and so on belong to dynamic equipment. Gasifier is the most critical equipment of coal chemical industry, and most coal chemical projects need to go through the process of converting coal into syngas through gasifier. Air separation equipment is also one of the key equipment of coal chemical industry, coal gasification and coal liquefaction need to use a lot of high-purity oxygen, and have high technical barriers.