Global ecological restoration of abandoned mines

East Lake was originally a bluestone mountain, after the Han Dynasty, this mountain has become a local quarry, after a long time of mining, almost half of the bluestone mountain excavated, thus forming about 50 meters high cliff. Mining workers dug more than 20 meters into the ground, and over time formed a clear pond about 200 meters long and 80 meters wide.

East Lake made use of its original natural environment and human resources, and with the help of classical garden landscape techniques, a wall was built in the quarry to widen the water surface, thus forming a beautiful East Lake. Through long-term artificial modification, the East Lake has become a beautiful bonsai. Designers according to local conditions, because of the shape of the situation, the use of the original natural environment - quarry, on the basis of artificial restoration, to achieve the natural and artificial natural integration effect.

07, Tangshan Nanhu Ecological Park

The Central Ecological Park of Nanhu City in Tangshan was a coal mining subsidence area formed by Kailuan mining for more than 130 years before the reconstruction, which is the one with the greatest influence on the city. Since 1996, Tangshan began to implement the ecological environment management in the southern mining area, forming the South Lake Park. At present, Nanhu Park is a national AAAA scenic spot, which is a large urban central ecological park integrating natural ecology, historical culture and modern culture.

Tangshan Nanhu Scenic spot, located in the south of the city center, is one of the most influential coal mining subsidence areas in Tangshan city. After decades of settlement, the average height of the subsidence area is about 20m lower than the urban area, and the surrounding residents have been relocated, and it has become a rare wasteland.

At the end of the last century, the Tangshan municipal government began to carry out landscape ecological governance, and the transformation steps of the mining and subsidence area were as follows:

(1) Ecological restoration, water environment management, atmospheric environment management, mining area treatment, vegetation restoration, etc.;

(2) Park construction, the construction of urban parks, museums, recreation centers, etc.;

(3) Comprehensive development, the implementation of comprehensive utilization and comprehensive development of the surrounding land after the completion of the urban park.

Landscape ecological design in Nanhu area includes:

(1) Determine the subsidence affected area and influence area during the planning period according to the geological survey, estimate the water accumulation area, and carry out construction suitability analysis.

(2) Transformation of terrain and improvement of soil. Combined with geological survey and ecological characteristics of the material left in the site, the "water excavation and mountain building" project was carried out.

(3) Water system regulation. In the first stage, the polluted Qinglong River in the lot was diverted and separated from the newly formed water surface landscape.

In the second stage, with the migration of the river, the current lake is cleaned, the lake is drained, the garbage is removed, and a large water surface is formed. The soil and plant layer on the surface of large subsidence areas will be removed, and the excavated fertile soil will be transferred to fly ash fields and garbage mountains, making it possible to grow plants on the original barren land.

(4) Landscape ecosystem -- an ecological network composed of small pastoral grids, marginal parks, green pastures, reed fields, etc. From the perspective of ecology and aesthetics, the city and green Spaces penetrate each other, and define the boundary from the open water surface to the land, giving play to its ecological effects, so that the coal mining subsidence area forms a characteristic landscape.

08, Hubei Huangshi National Mining Geopark

Huangshi National Mining Park is located in the Tieshan District of Huangshi City, Hubei Province. The "Mining and Smelting Grand Canyon" is the core landscape of Huangshi National Mining Park. It is shaped like a huge gourd-shaped shape, 2200 meters long from east to west, 550 meters wide from north to south, with a maximum drop of 444 meters and an area of 1.08 million square meters. It is known as the "first sinkhole in Asia".

Huangshi National Mining Park is located in the Tieshan District, the famous Hanyeping coal and iron Company "ye" refers to the Daye Iron mine, after hundreds of years of mining, the east open-pit pit of Daye Iron Mine formed the world's highest steep slope with a drop of 444 meters; In order to control the ecological environment, the mine has invested tens of millions of yuan to form the largest hard rock reclamation base in Asia.

In the design of Huangshi National Mining Park, the natural ecology and human ecology of the mine are restored through the landscape design method of ecological restoration. The "ten highlights" of the mining area and the construction of the park are "seamless docking", and the focus of the development and construction of the park is to carry forward the mining culture, reproduce the mining civilization, display humanistic characteristics, improve the mine grade, open a new road to tourism, and position it in the "science popularization education base, scientific research and teaching base, cultural display base, environmental protection demonstration base".