How do foreign countries do in mine ecological environment governance?

Because of the difference of mineral resources, the treatment key of abandoned mines is also different. The environmental problems of coal mine wasteland are goaf area, subsidence area, coal gangue pile, etc. The key of its treatment is the treatment of goaf area and coal gangue pile. Non-ferrous metal mines such as copper, lead and zinc mines, in addition to the treatment of the pit, but also chemical treatment of waste slag heap, waste slag heap and other pollution of the nearby soil and groundwater through the rain action; The abandoned quarry is mainly used for the prevention and control of geological disasters such as landslide and debris flow and the restoration of vegetation.

As a kind of abandoned mining land, the restoration and treatment process of abandoned quarry should be as follows: investigation of the status quo of abandoned quarry → overall planning of restoration and treatment → geological disaster prevention → treatment of unstable slope, waste gas pit, mine pit, etc. → vegetation restoration.

Nowadays, the ecological restoration work of mine is being carried out orderly and extensively in various places of our country. While achieving good results, China is also actively exploring new mine restoration models, drawing on representative restoration projects at home and abroad, so that the mine restoration project is transformed from simple and pure vegetation restoration to emerging industries. According to the planning and construction of the city, in the suburban edge of the city, the appropriate selection of abandoned mining land and the construction of mining site park, ecological demonstration park, amusement park and other types of landscape can not only make the abandoned mining land can be reused, but also add a beautiful landscape line for the construction of the city, giving the city more cultural connotation.

(3)In the process of ecological restoration of abandoned land in metal mines, phytoremediation is considered to be the most promising technology. Substrate improvement technology is a prerequisite for phytoremediation, which fundamentally changes the limiting factors of plant growth, and microbial remediation technology can improve plant remediation.

At present, the research on ecological restoration technology of abandoned land of metal mines is mostly carried out in greenhouse pot and small-scale experimental sites. Due to the great differences in abandoned land of different regions and different types of metal mines, the application of these technologies in field restoration often fails to achieve the expected results due to changes in environmental factors and site conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the research on the ecological restoration benefit evaluation system of abandoned mining land, so as to provide support for the reasonable selection of ecological restoration technology.

The main ecological restoration technologies of abandoned land in metal mines are: first, matrix improvement technology. Substrate improvement is a prerequisite for ecological restoration. Physical improvement mainly includes topsoil backfill, guest soil method and so on. Chemical improvement is used to repair most abandoned land in metal mines. For alkaline abandoned land, ferrous sulfate, bicarbonate and gypsum should be used for improvement. The second is phytoremediation technology. Phytoremediation is the most promising technology in the ecological restoration of mine wasteland. Through the establishment of suitable and stable plant communities on abandoned land, it can not only effectively control all kinds of pollution in abandoned land and improve the damaged ecological environment, but also use the renewal and promotion of vegetation restoration to gradually restore the function of land, improve and beautify the landscape, increase biodiversity, and finally make the ecosystem enter a virtuous cycle. Phytoremediation technology includes plant extraction technology and plant stabilization technology. The third is microbial repair technology. Microbial restoration technology is a kind of technology for ecological restoration of abandoned land by inoculating plants with mycorrhiza and utilizing rhizosphere microbial activities to improve soil microenvironment, improve plant nutrition and promote plant growth and development. The fourth is the auxiliary repair technology. According to the characteristics of mine abandoned land, in addition to taking the necessary ecological restoration technology, it is also necessary to assist some measures such as slope stability and drainage, so as to achieve the best effect of ecological restoration. -

Typical mine ecological environment restoration at home and abroad

At present, there are many successful cases for mine transformation at home and abroad, which have different functions and characteristics. Because of the early start of urban infrastructure construction in foreign countries, the ecological environment problems of quarry occurred earlier and more serious, so the research and practice of ecological restoration of quarry are more in-depth. In recent years, the practice of research and exploration on the restoration and management of abandoned quarry has been emerging.