To realize coordinated and sustainable development of mine ecology and economy

In recent years, the scale of China's building materials industry has been continuously expanded, the structure has been gradually optimized, and the ability of innovation, green and sustainable development has been significantly enhanced, which has played a positive role in economic and social development and the improvement of people's livelihood. Among them, the sand and stone industry as the main building materials industry, the development is particularly rapid.

In recent years, the scale and concentration of sand and gravel mines have been improved, but the number of super-large and medium-sized sand and gravel mines is still small, accounting for only 5% of all sand and gravel mines, and scale and modernization still need time; For the strict requirements of the ecological environment, whether to choose to shut down all simple measures, or to make great efforts to renovate and upgrade, the wavering of the local government, so that some large and medium-sized sand mining projects that originally met the requirements were shelved, but also further intensified the contradiction between supply and demand, increasing the difficulty of integration.

During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the development of the mechanical sand industry has made great progress, accounting for nearly 70% of the total amount of sand for construction, but the rapid development of the industry has exposed many problems. Small mines account for the vast majority of China's small mines, but there are problems of insufficient cost input and low enthusiasm for environmental protection measures. At present, the industry in the production, management, environmental protection, ecological sustainability and other aspects of serious polarization, some enterprises production mechanization, automation degree is not high, environmental protection measures are not in place, not enough attention to the coordinated sustainable development of mining ecology and economy. On the other hand, the structural adjustment of the sand and gravel industry is accelerated, but the industrial concentration is still low, the level of green development of the industry is low, the level of intensification and modernization is not high, the overall investment in mine reclamation and ecological restoration and greening is not high, a large part of enterprises still have the problem of dust and wastewater unorganized discharge, and the efficient use of low-carbon energy is not enough attention. And the urgent need to strengthen the control of fixed source and mobile source pollution emission problems. Overall, there is still a big gap between the industry to achieve high-quality development and meet the overall requirements of national green and low-carbon development.

In order to solve the outstanding problems of mine ecological restoration such as excessive historical debts, realistic contradictions, and insufficient investment, on December 17, 2019, the Ministry of Natural Resources issued the Opinions on Exploring the Use of Market-oriented Ways to Promote Mine ecological restoration. At the same time, in order to improve the high-quality development of the sand and gravel industry, on November 11, 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Ecological Environment and other ten departments jointly issued the "Several Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of the Mechanism sand Industry", which put forward specific development goals for the mechanism sand and gravel industry. It is clear that the sand and gravel enterprises should adhere to the green and low-carbon circular development and build green mines in accordance with the relevant specifications. Strive to form a more perfect and reasonable mechanism sand supply guarantee system by 2025; Cultivate more than 100 intelligent, green, high-quality, well-managed enterprises. Opinions issued in a timely manner, and further accelerate the promotion of China's non-metallic sand mining industry to high-quality development. On June 28, 2019, the Green Mine Environmental Protection Professional Committee of the International Ecological Economy Association, led by academicians Hao Jiming, Chen Yong and Wang Jinnan of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Counsellors Jiang Minglin and Zhang Hongtao of The State Council, issued China's first "National Green Mine Environmental Protection and High-quality Development of non-metallic sand and gravel industry Demonstration Standard Construction Guide". It also provides an example for industry norms and high-quality demonstration construction.

In order to better play the incentive role of mine ecological restoration, promote the high-quality development of social economy while protecting the green water and green mountains, the integration and improvement of abandoned mines should be the first choice, and the construction should be carried out according to the national green mine high quality standards to realize the efficient use of resources. The integrated ecological restoration of mines should follow the following principles: First, green mining, comprehensive recycling of resources and zero emissions. The second is the combination of dynamic greening, ecological restoration and environmental re-cultivation to build a garden-style mining area. The third is to realize the precise management of the utilization of geological mineral resources and reserves by technology automation and management informatization. The fourth is to restore the green type, according to the management model of appropriate farming, appropriate tillage, appropriate landscape, to achieve land intensification, production-city linkage. Local governments will better fulfill their environmental and social responsibilities, and make greater efforts in resource development, ecological restoration, land use, and urban function enhancement.

With the development of China's mining resources integration trend, the traditional model of "small scale, large quantity and low efficiency" will definitely be eliminated and reformed, and the existing sand and gravel mining enterprises need to take the high-quality construction of green mines as an opportunity to accelerate the whole process of energy saving and environmental protection.

China's non-metallic sand mining industry needs to strengthen the efficient application of energy saving and environmental protection measures to promote the early realization of high-quality development of the industry.

Measures for efficient utilization of mining and production resources

First of all, the sand and gravel mine to green mining as the overall requirements, combined with clean production and green storage technology, to achieve the source and process of green and modern scientific and technological overall layout, put an end to the traditional extensive development model and production methods. Secondly, through technical means, improve the level of resource utilization efficiency of sand and stone, with the level of high-tech equipment to improve unit production efficiency, for sand mining and utilization, to eat dry squeeze, for the production process of the side material, residual material to achieve 100% utilization, do not leave tailings, all become resource utilization, such as: Stone powder collection can be used for the production of cement, concrete, mud powder for new wall materials or environmental protection engineering construction materials around the mining area; For the main, common and associated resources of the mining area, comprehensive exploration should be done in the early stage, comprehensive mining and utilization plans should be set up, and the principle of high quality and optimal use and cascade utilization should be taken as the general goal to improve the comprehensive benefit. Finally, the topsoil and residue produced in the mining process should be used 100% in combination with environmental management, pipe ditch backfilling, original landform restoration, land reclamation, etc. For a large amount of sediment in the waste water of sand and gravel production, the process of sludge cleaning and dehydration is adopted to separate the water and sediment and use them as resources respectively, and the sediment is used for the surrounding ecological utilization. Sand and stone deposits come from ecological resources and should be fully utilized.

Energy saving and energy efficient application measures

According to the requirements of the country to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of energy development, China's energy supply mode has also changed to the direction of green and efficient, safe and stable, close to users, and local materials. The sand and gravel mining industry needs to establish an energy low-carbon application layout plan and establish a whole-process energy consumption monitoring and accounting system. The use of the Internet of Things, information technology and automation technology management system to achieve the purpose of energy saving, electricity saving and money saving, which is also an inevitable trend of technological development.

How to reasonably plan to reduce the energy consumption in the process of mining, production and overall operation, and realize the synchronous operation of energy saving, electricity saving and economic benefits is not only a matter that the management of mining enterprises must consider, but also a matter that the industry must pay attention to, and the government and competent departments must do a good job. It is very important to strengthen energy saving and efficiency increase in mining area. For example, the selection of advanced energy-saving and efficient construction machinery, one-time investment long-term benefit; In the automatic operation, the energy recovery system is added, and the potential energy generation technology can be used to save energy for the mining area with large drop. In addition, gravity potential energy can be continuously recovered in the mining process to improve energy recycling efficiency. For example, in the top-down conveying process of mineral materials, with the increase of mineral materials on the conveyor belt, the gravity of the mineral itself gradually increases along the conveyor belt, so that the conveyor belt pulls the drum to accelerate rotation, so that the gravity potential energy can be recovered through the drum to drive the generator to generate electricity. In addition, in the selection of mining technology, new blasting technology and measures to increase the efficiency of blasting energy are adopted. According to the natural conditions of different mining areas, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, etc., can be selected to achieve multi-energy complementarity; Promote the planning of transportation links and the green and low carbonization of transportation means, such as the construction of closed pipeline transportation from mining areas to transfer stations or the adoption of new energy transportation means; In addition, the mining area can also use photoelectric conversion to achieve LED automatic lighting and domestic electricity, conditional enterprises can also make full use of biomass energy as a supplementary energy in the mining area, for heating or canteen gas supply. In short, it is necessary to adopt comprehensive measures and means to form a global efficient energy application model in mining areas.

Sand and gravel mine environmental protection measures and ecological harmony

Mine environment refers to the collection of atmospheric environment, surface water environment, groundwater environment, acoustic environment, ecological diversity and other environmental elements affected by mining activities. The problem of mine environmental protection is the environmental evolution, destruction and pollution caused by the interaction and influence between mining activities and environment.

The environmental protection measures of sand and gravel mines are mainly aimed at the mining process and production process, and it is necessary to strengthen the management of waste gas, wastewater, noise, solid waste and the ecological environment, as well as the prevention and balance of the impact on biodiversity. At the same time, combined with the application of new technology in the monitoring of the mine ecological environment, the overall control system for environmental protection is formed. Through environmental monitoring, the current situation of environmental quality and the development trend of ecological impact are accurately, timely and comprehensively reflected, and scientific basis is provided for the mine environmental management, control and supervision of pollution sources.

In the mining process, the adoption of new blasting technology, such as differential control technology, electronic control energy concentrated release technology, etc., through the adoption of precision measures, the use of blasting powder reduction method, and the selection of fully automated water mist humidification dust removal, acoustic atomization dust removal, magnetized water dust removal, pre-charged high-efficiency spray dust removal technology, can effectively reduce the generation of dust in the mining process; In production, the establishment of a fully closed processing plant, equipped with an efficient dust collection system, is conducive to the implementation of dust suppression and dust reduction measures in the plant; The mining area does not set up an open storage yard, and the loading and unloading of the storage yard are all carried out in a closed environment to eliminate air pollution. For the treatment of wastewater, in the mining process, 100% recycling is adopted, and at the same time, it can be fully combined with mine water as a supplement. Domestic water in the mining area can be used for afforestation and other utilization measures after harmless disposal, meeting the requirements of five hundred and one hundred indicators, dust pollution control and 100% do not constitute a source of pollution affecting air environment indicators. The domestic sewage treatment and harmless rate is 100%, the surface water environmental quality is 100%, the wastewater recycling rate is 100%, and the sludge harmless treatment and utilization rate is 100%.

In the process of ore mining, low noise equipment is selected, damping material, isolation material and silencer are installed on the equipment to reduce the generation of noise sources. At the same time, the mining area should strengthen the construction of isolation belt with the surrounding villages or residential areas, and reasonably adjust and manage the production and transportation time to avoid disturbing the people; The adoption of a fully closed aggregate processing plant equipped with soundproof materials can maximize the control of the noise generated in the production process, control the noise within a reasonable range to the greatest extent, and do a good job of co-construction, co-creation and co-grasp of ecological civilization through enterprise-local harmony measures and close contact with the party building base in the mine.

Solid waste and garbage in mining areas and living areas are classified and stored and managed according to industry and life, and the side and residual materials in mining and production processes have achieved 100% resource utilization. The main source of industrial solid waste is to solve the harmless disposal of chemical substances such as waste oil of engineering equipment and energy storage batteries, and special closed storage places should be set up to mark hazardous waste. Entrust a qualified third party for centralized processing; Domestic refuse should be transferred to the municipal centralized refuse transfer station for unified disposal; Treat from the source and adopt systematic and process-based disposal measures, leaving no hidden dangers; Through the establishment of a garden type mining area, it actively becomes a display window of the place.

In view of the problems that the exploitation and exploitation of mineral resources may damage the vegetation of the mine and its vicinity, affect the living environment of organisms, and bring hidden dangers to the regional species diversity, long-term monitoring of the ecological environment of the mining area can be conducted to timely detect potential harmful and toxic substances, avoid ecological pollution and environmental impact, and effectively control and improve the ecological environment of the mining area and its vicinity. To provide a normal space for the survival and development of living things; The changes in the species of animals and plants in the mining area indirectly reveal the changes in the survival factors of the mining area (such as air and water source), which is also one of the goals of environmental protection of the sand and gravel mine, that is, to strengthen the protection of biodiversity in the mining area and nearby areas, and is also an important reflection of whether the atmospheric environment and water environment are destroyed.

In general, the energy-saving and environmentally efficient application of China's non-metallic sand mining industry is an inevitable requirement for the industry to develop with high quality, and it is also the need of ecological civilization construction; Urban development and infrastructure construction cannot be separated from sand and stone raw materials, the current environmental pressure facing the sand and stone industry, and some places are not active in new projects, and even implement "one-size-fits-all" suspension and other measures, which directly lead to a serious imbalance in the supply and demand of sand and stone; At the national level, in 2018, the General Office of the Central Committee issued a document requiring inspectors to reduce inspections by 50%, solve the problem of too many items and too high frequency of inspection work in the sand and gravel industry, and create a loose policy environment for the sand and gravel industry; Through the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction, clean production, specialization, standardization, green, industrialization, intensification, digitalization, and intelligence of environmental protection work in sand and gravel mining enterprises, and pay attention to ecological balance and harmony between enterprises and other measures in the process, the establishment of an industry demonstration and leading system, with the concept of energy conservation and environmental protection and efficient application, It is very necessary to deal with the contradiction between the development, production and ecological protection of sand and gravel mining industry, and it is also realistic and urgent.