Definition, connotation and progress of digital mine

1 Overview

With the development of computer technology, information technology, communication technology, automatic control technology, 3S (GIS, GPS, RS) technology and network technology, many domestic research institutions and scholars have put forward their own views and ideas on the key technologies and construction schemes of digital mine construction from different angles [1-17]. The establishment of digital mines can not only realize the digitization of safety management, provide information guarantee for building intrinsically safe mines, but also realize the refinement of production management, and provide decision-making means for building high-yield and high-efficiency mines. Therefore, many mining enterprises in China have increased the investment in information construction and made efforts to build digital mines. Most modern mines and large group companies have realized the networking of gas monitoring systems, and some companies have realized partial comprehensive automation. Some companies have implemented partial ERP projects, equipment management, or asset management; Most companies have realized computer-aided measurement and drawing; Some companies have begun to implement the construction of geographic information systems; Some mining enterprises digital mine construction has become a prototype.

However, because the mine is a discrete production system with resources as the development object, the main operation is in the deep surface of the earth, complex geological conditions, harsh environment, gas, dust, water damage, top and bottom accidents, hidden dangers of fire are difficult to detect and identify, large-scale accidents occur from time to time, which has caused great losses to China's mining production. It also seriously endangered the personal safety of miners. Therefore, digital mining is neither a simple extension of the concept of "digital Earth", nor a simple copy of the ordinary ERP concept, but a new concept that contains some characteristics of both. The gap between China's mines and developed mining countries in the field of information technology such as mine survey, planning, design, production, management and whole-process monitoring is widening. China's mines have not taken information resources as one of the important strategic resources for overall development and utilization, and have not formed a stable system performance and sufficient information resources for mine information infrastructure. Many scholars and technical personnel of enterprises still have vague definition, connotation and function of digital mine. Through the complete definition of digital mine, this paper briefly describes the technical characteristics, construction content, technical specifications and system functions of digital mine. Based on the results of "863" national key project "Development of digital Mining Key Technology and Software", the development of digital mining technology and its application in mining enterprises in China are discussed.

2 Definition of digital mine

Digital mine, also known as smart mine, is a digital intelligent body based on the digitization of mines that can complete the accurate and timely collection, network transmission, standardized integration, visual display, automated operation and intelligent service of all information of mining enterprises.

1) Digital basis: all the content of the mine has been processed into digital information that modern computers can accept, store, copy, process and network transmission, and ensure the integrity of the information.

2) Accurate and timely collection: it can accurately collect the safety, production and management information needed at any place and any time, and ensure the timeliness of information.

3) Network transmission: All information, including real-time data, multimedia data and management data, can be transmitted on time, reliably and safely through the local area network and the wide area network, and the necessary data must ensure clock synchronization.

4) Standardized integration: Through standard data formats, open communication protocols and unified management specifications defined by the data warehouse to achieve the interconnection of information in various applications, to ensure the unique entry and consistency of data.

5) Visual presentation: All information and models in the data warehouse can be expressed and displayed using 4D geographic information system technology, virtual reality technology, simulation technology, multimedia technology and visual analysis technology to achieve transparent management.

6) Automated operation: For the main production execution links, monitoring and monitoring links, time limits, high accuracy links and poor environment, easy fatigue links to achieve automated or unmanned operation.

7) Intelligent service: Provide intelligent tools and comprehensive decision support in some aspects such as risk identification, disaster early warning, accident alarm, scheme design, planning, process control, economic analysis, scheduling optimization, etc., to minimize the intensity of mental labor and avoid human decision-making errors.

8) Digital intelligent body has two meanings: (1) Through digital reconstruction, the entire mine has the ability of self-analysis and decision-making, so that the mine personnel, machinery and environment are in a highly coordinated unity; ② By constantly collecting, learning and concentrating the latest knowledge of relevant experts, the nerve center of the digital mine has the ability of many experts to make collective decisions.

3. Main content and technical connotation of digital mine

3.1 Basic network platform

The basic network platform should not only meet the needs of digital content transmission and wired and wireless communication within the enterprise, but also meet the needs of the Internet, and realize information collection, transmission, storage, analysis, decision making, control, release and query through broadband optical fiber ring network, fieldbus, commercial database, multimedia database, and real-time database. It is not only necessary to ensure the interconnection of information, but also to ensure the reliability, security and timeliness of information.

3.2 Mine data warehouse

The mining data warehouse is not a simple accumulation and assembly of various databases, but must realize the integration from scattered data to standardized data. Its key technology is to establish the subject layer of the classification standard in view of the complexity, mass, heterogeneity, dynamic nature, multi-source, multi-precision, multi-time and multi-scale characteristics of geological, mineral deposit and production information and various professional applications. Establish a standardized database structure, define standardized metadata, index data and data cube, facilitate the import and export of data and automatic mining, eliminate the mine "information island" and data redundancy, and realize the rapid retrieval and transfer for various references. The real-time database must realize the active triggering of various events and ensure timeliness.

3.3 Mining industrial automation system

Mine industrial automation system includes underground conveyor belt monitoring system, main and auxiliary shaft lifting monitoring system, mine power supply monitoring system, mine drainage monitoring system, gas drainage monitoring system, main ventilation room monitoring system, pressure air room monitoring system, water supply and dust monitoring system, grouting monitoring system, mine cooling monitoring system, air volume regulation and control system, output measurement system, Ground production monitoring systems, etc., they are equivalent to the legs and hands of digital mines, although they can complete various actions but must be controlled by the brain, the brain here is the system integration platform software, through which data warehouse, safety monitoring system, safety management system, production system and scheduling system can be effectively coordinated to achieve automatic control and remote control. Achieve true management and control integration, rather than the simple connection and accumulation of subsystems.

3.4 Safety production monitoring system

Safety production monitoring system is the eyes, ears and nose of mine safety, mainly including wired communication, wireless communication and mobile communication system, mine personnel positioning system, video monitoring system, safety production environment monitoring system, hydrology monitoring system, mine pressure monitoring system, fire monitoring system, rainfall monitoring system, surface rock movement monitoring system. They provide real-time information to data warehouses, security management systems, scheduling systems, etc., for use by decision support systems.

3.5 4D GIS and visualization integration platform

Based on the unified spatial and temporal four-dimensional coordinates, after visualizing all the information in the mine (including terrain, architecture, strata, structure, ore body, hazard source, shaft and roadway engineering, mining unit, stope, working face, equipment, personnel, monitoring system, etc.), complete attribute information is configured. The true three-dimensional mine geographic information model is established, and the dynamic information obtained by 3S (GPS, GIS, RS) technology and various survey, measurement and collection means is used to correct the model and attributes in real time, forming a complete four-dimensional temporal geographic information system, and realizing the transparent management of all objects above and below ground and virtual reality system simulation.

Its key technology is not to borrow any third-party software, Realize the automatic drawing of all two-dimensional graphics, the automatic generation of three-dimensional models, and the topology analysis, network analysis, overlay analysis, cutting analysis, structural analysis, geological early warning analysis, process simulation and transparent diagnosis for professional applications (if the use of third-party software is impossible to achieve seamless integration and dynamic linkage of various applications). Only when this function is realized, can flexible and effective operation research and decision-making be realized.