Production status and development trend of chemical fiber oil agent in China

In recent years, China's chemical fiber production capacity has increased greatly, new chemical fiber varieties, new technologies emerge in an endless stream, spinning, spinning speed is more high-speed, the development of new chemical fiber oil agent becomes more important. However, the development and production speed of chemical fiber oil agent in China is still far behind the market demand. This has brought development opportunities to China's chemical fiber oil industry, and also prompted chemical fiber oil production enterprises to develop a variety of new efficient and environmentally friendly chemical fiber oil agents. In this paper, the production status, development requirements and main components of chemical fiber oils in China are described. The manufacturing methods of FDY oils for polyester and polypropylene fibers are introduced. At the same time, it is pointed out that developing chemical fiber oils which can meet the requirements of high-speed spinning process and are friendly to environment is the development trend in the future.

Chemical fiber oil agent is essential in the spinning process of chemical fiber. It can adjust the friction characteristics of the fiber, prevent or eliminate the accumulation of static electricity, give the fiber smooth, soft and other characteristics, so that the chemical fiber smoothly through spinning, stretching, elastic spinning, weaving and other processes to ensure the smooth progress of chemical fiber production. Although the amount of chemical fiber oil in the production of chemical fiber is only 0.15% to 2.5%, it plays a decisive role in the quality of fiber.

According to the 2008 world chemical fiber 39.6 million t consumption of chemical fiber oil agent about 450,000 t to estimate, China's "Twelfth Five-Year" period of chemical fiber annual production is expected to reach 46 million t, the annual consumption of chemical fiber oil agent will also exceed 450,000 t. However, the development and production speed of chemical fiber oil agent in China is far behind the market demand. According to statistics, at present, the maximum annual output of the country (including foreign-funded enterprises in domestic production) is only more than 200,000 tons, and about 40% of chemical fiber oil agents rely on imports. And there is a big gap with the world's advanced countries in quality, technology, variety and other aspects, especially the processing oil agent after spinning drafting, the oil film performance is poor, the quality fluctuation is large, has a great impact on the fiber dyeing performance. In China's chemical fiber products, the oils required for various kinds of differentiated polyester filament products such as synthetic fibers and fine deniers at the stage of multi-variety, small batch and high spinning speed are also basically dependent on imports.

1, the production status of chemical fiber oil agent in China

The development of chemical fiber oil agent has been 5 generations: the first generation is mainly composed of mineral oil, and then add emulsifier and antistatic agent; The second generation is dominated by fatty acid esters. The third generation is composed of fatty acid ester, propylene oxide/ethylene oxide and polyether. The 4th generation is dominated by propylene oxide/ethylene oxide polyether. With the development of chemical fiber filament to high speed, super high speed and multi-functionality, the 5th generation oil agent, which is composed of modified propylene oxide/ethylene oxide polyether and special functional ingredients and additives such as low friction, super heat resistance and easy wetting, came into being. The United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan and other countries have been very active in the study of chemical fiber oil, not only developed a lot of new efficient oil, but also the use of compounding technology to develop a good antistatic, smooth and bundling properties of the ideal compound oil.

Since the 1990s, the number of varieties, technical level and production scale of oil agents have developed rapidly, producing dozens of various types of chemical fiber oil agents, and the annual output has reached more than 200,000 tons. In recent years, domestic polyester production has accounted for 60% of the total fiber production, and the use of polyester filament oil has accounted for 45% of the total amount of oil. Polyester filament oil is generally composed of a variety of basic oils and various surfactants, need to take into account lubricity, antistatic, heat resistance, viscosity, so that contradictory performance requirements are balanced to meet, sometimes as many as a dozen components. Therefore, the research of component properties, mastering monomer synthesis, microemulsification, compounding and synergism technology, and matching chemical fiber production technology are the problems that need to be studied and solved continuously in the development process of polyester filament oil.

At present, the polyester filament and high-speed spinning agent of large chemical fiber factories in China basically rely on imports (small chemical fiber factories mostly use domestic oil agents to reduce costs), and the current annual imports amount to tens of thousands of tons. Liaohua, Tianjin Petrochemical, Dandong chemical fiber, Heilongjiang chemical fiber, Yizheng chemical fiber and other 10,000 ton polyester staple fiber manufacturers all use imported oil agent. The first and second polyester plants of Shanghai Petrochemical Complex use domestic E-500 and imported E600 compound oil agent, which has the problem of temperature and humidity difference adaptability, and the spinnability of the fiber is not stable. At present, the localization rate of polyester filament oil is less than 30% (the localization rate of DTY winding oil is about 80%, the localization rate of POY oil is about 50%, and the localization rate of FDY fine denier oil is about 40%). At this stage, China's chemical fiber oil industry and the international development of chemical fiber oil agent in contrast to the five stages, the first generation of oil agent has been localized, the second generation of oil agent is still imported, the third and fourth generation of oil agent has been developed but most of the varieties rely on imports, the fifth generation of oil agent is still in the exploration and trial production. Table 1 shows the product brands of some domestic chemical fiber oil production enterprises.