Ship and ocean engineering major: docking the national strategy of the future promising

I. Professional analysis

What is Marine and Ocean Engineering

Ship and Ocean Engineering belongs to the Marine engineering category of engineering, which studies the design, performance, structure and construction of various types of ships, mainly cultivating senior engineering and technical talents engaged in ship design, research and testing. Its research object is not only ships, but also various sea vehicles. Such as mobile fixed building structures at sea, surface ships, underwater vehicles, surface floating platforms and so on.

In addition to public basic courses such as mechanics, mathematics, foreign language and computer, the main courses of undergraduate students also include theoretical mechanics, mechanics of materials, fluid mechanics, structural mechanics, ship dynamics, ship statics, ocean engineering, principles of ship and ocean engineering, principles of ship design, etc.

Constantly integrating with new technologies

Shipbuilding industry in China has a long history, when Prince Henry of Portugal with one or two hundred tons of small sailing ships in the sea exploration, Zheng He has already dispatched more than a hundred "strong, huge and no enemy" giant ships sailing in the Pacific Ocean. Since ancient times, human beings have been getting rich food resources and mineral resources from the sea, and enjoying the transportation convenience brought by sea transportation. Nowadays, with the rapid development of modern science and technology, the major of ship and ocean engineering has been continuously combined with the emerging electronic technology, computer technology, automatic control and other disciplines, and has gained new vitality.

After the release of this year's "Made in China 2025", relevant experts in the industry further pointed out that Internet technology will promote the design innovation of China's ships and offshore industries. Especially for the design process, the new technology will trigger a series of changes in ship design methods, means, tools and processes. In the future, the shipbuilding industry and Marine equipment manufacturing industry will inevitably be a new business form integrating information technology, automation, intelligence and new technology.

Second, major and employment

According to the statistics of the Sunshine college entrance examination platform, the number of graduates of shipbuilding and Marine engineering is 2500-3000, the employment rate is 85%-90%, and the proportion of men and women is: 87% of boys; For girls, 13%.

Companies go to schools to grab talent

The shipbuilding industry is known as the "crown of comprehensive industry", in the 116 industrial sectors of the national economy, the shipbuilding industry has direct consumption of 97 industries, and the related surface reaches 84%, especially in the machinery, metallurgy, electronics and other industries. Taking the steel industry as an example, the demand for shipbuilding steel in China in 2014 was 13 million tons, of which the demand for shipbuilding plates was about 10 million tons. According to statistics, every 10,000 DWT ships built can solve 3,000 jobs in the shipping and upstream industries.

Qian Xinnan, deputy secretary general of the China Shipbuilding Industry Association, said: "Shipbuilding and Marine engineering industry is a long cycle, capital intensive, science and technology intensive, labor-intensive industry, which needs a large number of high-quality professional and technical personnel, and the current talent is far from reaching the market demand and can not meet the needs of enterprises." Since 2002, students majoring in shipping and Marine engineering are very sought-after after graduation, many students have been signed by the unit one year before graduation, and many shipping companies will go to the school to book students in advance. China has 18,000 kilometers of coastline, 3 million square kilometers of ocean area, the ocean area accounts for about one-third of the land area. With oil and other scarce resources on land dwindling, the future of oil and other scarce resources has been turned to the sea. Whether it is Marine fisheries, Marine transportation, offshore oil and gas development, coastal tourism, or Marine engineering construction industry, ships and all kinds of Marine engineering equipment are inseparable. It can be said that the ship and ocean engineering major is responsible for the development, utilization and protection of Marine resources, and the development prospect is very broad, and it is a promising major.

Employment destination of graduates

After graduation, students majoring in shipbuilding and ocean engineering can work in shipbuilding and ocean engineering design and research units, maritime bureau, shipyards, research institutes, domestic and foreign classification societies, shipping companies, offshore oil units, universities, ship transportation management, ship trade and operation, customs, Marine insurance and maritime arbitration departments, etc. He is engaged in the design, research, manufacturing, inspection, use and management of ships and Marine structures, and may also work in related industries and information industry units.

The classification society, which is the ship quality inspection institute, is responsible for testing the performance of new ships. Internationally, there are ten major classification societies: ABS Classification Society of the United States, BV of France, DNV of Norway, GL of Lloyd's Classification Society of Germany, KR of South Korea, CCS Classification Society of China, LR of Britain, NK of Japan, RS Classification Society of Russia, RINA Classification Society of Italy. The predecessor of China Classification Society is the Shipping Inspection Bureau of the People's Republic of China, which is a public institution directly under the Ministry of Communications and a national ship technical inspection institution.

Graduates with strong practical ability can go to the shipyard to be a ship designer or a supervisor engineer in the shipyard, and the engineer must supervise the work on site, which is relatively hard, but the reward is good. Graduates with strong theoretical research ability can go to research institutes or teach at universities, which require relatively high conditions, and basically have to be tested to the doctoral level.

The future needs two kinds of talent

The employment prospects of this profession can also be seen from the income, and Secretary General Qian gave a very intuitive example. In Beijing, the monthly income of a new college graduate is about 3,000 yuan. The average monthly income of a good welder in the shipyard is 8,000 yuan to 10,000 yuan, and the average skill is about 5,000 yuan.

"What we need most right now are two kinds of students. One is the technician, that is, the skilled worker; The other is high level technical design talent." Secretary General Qian said, "With the continuous development of information technology, the application of computer, radar, remote sensing technology, the improvement of environmental protection requirements and the more efficient use of energy, the ship's power plant, Marine electrical equipment, Marine turbine automation system are facing new technical requirements and challenges, but also need high, fine, sharp technical personnel to solve."

3. Application Guide

Shipbuilding and Marine engineering has a history of more than 60 years in China. According to statistics, at present, there are more than 20 colleges and universities offering shipbuilding and ocean engineering. Among them, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Harbin Engineering University, Wuhan University of Technology, Tianjin University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, South China University of Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology and other eight schools, in the professional development, teachers and professional experimental facilities and other aspects of the strongest, belong to the first echelon of national shipbuilding colleges and universities, is the old ship professional colleges and universities.

When applying for the major, candidates should still take into account their actual scores, college admission scores, professional focus of each school and other factors to see the training focus and professional direction of each school. For example, the ship and ocean engineering of Harbin Engineering University started from the ship design major of the Naval Engineering Department of the Military Engineering College of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (" Harbin Military Industry "), with two professional directions of ship engineering and ocean engineering. Its ship and ocean engineering specialty has the world's advanced level of experimental equipment and testing means, among which the "wind, wave, current Marine environment simulation tank" has the only domestic X-Y vehicle system. It is the first type of characteristic key construction specialty and national defense key specialty of the Ministry of Education. At the same time, it also has many firings, such as the design of China's first hydrofoil test speedboat, China's first small hydrodynamic test submarine, China's first deep diving lifeboat, China's first duplex detection and mine fishing deep submarine, China's first ship test horizontal circulation tank, China's first set of submarine load weighing system, China's first military intelligent underwater robot.

The first-level discipline of Ship and Ocean Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University covers three second-level disciplines: ship and ocean structure design and manufacture, Marine engineering, and hydroacoustic engineering. Through long-term development and construction, it has gradually condensed a number of important research directions, such as: ship design and manufacturing, ship mechanics, ocean engineering, Marine underwater engineering and science, ship main propulsion and auxiliary systems, underwater detection technology, etc.

Most colleges recruit students in the first-level disciplines of shipbuilding and ocean engineering, and some colleges (such as Shanghai Jiao Tong University) recruit students in the category of "Ocean engineering". When the parents of candidates look at the "Enrollment professional Directory", they must see the professional direction contained in the major category, and whether the major contains the major they want to register for, so as to avoid omissions.

In addition, shipbuilding and ocean engineering majors belong to the category of engineering, and many colleges and universities have high basic requirements for mathematics, physics and other subjects. Some require the score to meet the standard of a line, and some nautical majors in colleges and universities have different requirements for physical conditions and gender. Candidates in the selection of time, according to their own interests and the actual situation of the comprehensive consideration.