Develop a modern infrastructure system

Fourth, institutions and mechanisms have been continuously improved. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, substantial steps were taken in railway shareholding reform, and the former China Railway Corporation was successfully restructured into China National Railway Group Co., LTD. The reform of the oil and gas pipeline network system took an important step forward, and the National Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Group Co., Ltd. was established. Further progress was made in the reform of the electric power system, and power grid enterprises were encouraged to focus on their main business and open their competitive businesses in an orderly manner. Major progress was made in the reform of the water supply system, and China South-to-North Water Transfer Group Co., Ltd. was established. Reform in investment and financing continued to deepen, the expansion and application of the model of cooperation between the government and private capital was accelerated, the division of fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities between the central and local governments was gradually clarified, and the investment coordination mechanism was further improved. The systems and mechanisms for regional integration in infrastructure development and operation along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao have been continuously improved, and the level of infrastructure connectivity and service mutual guarantee has been significantly improved.

Second, problems and difficulties we face

Although China's infrastructure development has made historic achievements, the requirements for high-quality development, the infrastructure system is still not perfect, the level of coordinated, systematic and holistic development is not high, and the shortcomings of service capacity, operational efficiency and service quality are still relatively obvious. First, the level of systematic coordination is not high. The spatial layout needs to be optimized, inter-regional development is unbalanced, rural infrastructure is in arrearage, and connectivity, joint construction and sharing of urban clusters and metropolitan areas are not high. Point, line and surface do not match, node capacity is insufficient, the function is not perfect. There is insufficient overall planning and balance of various types of infrastructure, and the relationship between substitution, complementarity, coordination and restriction is not properly handled. Second, the facility service efficiency is not high. Heavy construction over maintenance, heavy hardware over software is still prevalent, the level of coordinated development of the whole life cycle is not high, the level of fine management needs to be improved, and the supply of facilities and services is difficult to meet diversified and diversified needs. Third, intelligent development needs to be accelerated. The digital upgrading of traditional fields and the construction of new infrastructure have just started, and there is still a big gap with developed countries. The scenario of the integration of new and traditional infrastructure is not clear, and the standards, norms and policy systems are still not perfect. Fourth, the mode of green development has not yet taken shape. The sustainability of the development model is insufficient; resources, environment and ecological issues in construction and operation are not considered enough; the energy structure and transportation structure need to be optimized; and the space for energy conservation in infrastructure has not been fully tapped. Fifth, the security guarantee capacity is still insufficient. In the face of natural disasters, public health, major accidents and other emergencies, the ability to respond is weak, the resilience of the network needs to be enhanced, the problem of critical infrastructure and technical equipment is still serious, and the overall national security capacity needs to be improved.

At the same time, it should be noted that the high-quality development of infrastructure in the "14th Five-Year Plan" period still faces some difficulties. First, we need to accelerate the transformation of the development model. For a long time, China has formed an infrastructure development model that focuses on construction, takes projects as the starting point, takes government as the main body, and takes bank loans as the main financing means, which has played an important role in eliminating infrastructure bottlenecks as soon as possible. As China's infrastructure enters a stage of development in which it pays equal attention to reinforcing its shortcomings, improving its functions, optimizing its services and integrating its development, the traditional development model is difficult to meet the needs of future development and urgently needs to change. Second, the difficulty of factor guarantee is increasing day by day. At present, the projects to be built generally have the characteristics of high engineering cost, poor economic benefits, limited local financial resources, and social capital participation is not strong. Under the pressure of the goal of carbon neutrality, the ecological environment is constrained, land, corridor and other resources are increasingly strained, the cost of raw materials, labor and other factors is rising, and the construction of infrastructure projects is difficult to promote. Third, institutional reform is not yet in place. The reform of the airspace management system is lagging behind, the market mechanism in the water conservancy sector is not fully playing its role, and reforms in key areas and key links such as electricity and oil and gas need to be deepened. Investment and financing model innovation is insufficient, excessive reliance on government investment, the role of finance is not fully played, and the technical and economic characteristics of new infrastructure do not match.