China's shipbuilding industry has made brilliant achievements in 70 years

After 70 years of development, China's shipbuilding industry has established a relatively complete shipbuilding industry system on the basis of new China's poverty, realized the dream of the world's first shipbuilding country, and walked out of a road from scratch, from weak to strong, from running to leading the development of China's shipbuilding industry. At present, the overall scale and strength of China's shipbuilding industry has entered the forefront of the world, the international competitiveness of the industry has reached the world-class level, and the modern scientific and technological innovation system of the shipbuilding industry has basically taken shape. China's shipbuilding industry is currently in the best period in history, and the dream of a shipbuilding power has dawned.

(1) The scale and strength of the shipping industry has entered the forefront of the world

At the beginning of the founding of New China, the scale of ship production was very small, and most of the mainland ship factories were damaged to varying degrees, and the production was paralyzed, which could be said to be poor and empty.  By the early 1980s, China's annual shipbuilding output was only about 400,000 tons, accounting for 1% of the world's total shipbuilding output, ranking 13th in the world, and only one twentieth of the world's first shipbuilding power Japan at that time. In 1994, China's shipbuilding output jumped to the third place in the world, but the share of the world's total shipbuilding is still only about 5% (Figure 1), and Japan, South Korea accounted for more than 35% compared to the gap is very obvious. In 2006, China's ship completions reached 14.52 million deadweight tons, accounting for 19% of global ship completions (Figure 1). China's shipping enterprises received 42.51 million tons of new orders and held 68.72 million tons of orders, accounting for 24% of global orders; It has been the world's third largest shipbuilding country for 12 consecutive years, and the gap between it and the top two countries, South Korea and Japan, has narrowed significantly. In 2008, China successfully surpassed Japan in shipbuilding production, ranking second in the world in all three indicators. Among them: China's shipbuilding completed 28.81 million tons, accounting for 29.5% of the world's shipbuilding completed; New orders of 58.18 million tons, accounting for 37.7% of the world market share; More than 200 million tons of ship orders, accounting for 35.5% of the world market share. In 2010, China's three major shipbuilding indicators simultaneously ranked first in the world for the first time. Among them: China's shipbuilding completed 61.205 million DWT, accounting for 41.9% of the world's total, South Korea and Japan accounted for 31.9% and 21.5% respectively; China's new orders reached 58.459 million DWT, accounting for 48.5% of the world's total, while South Korea and Japan accounted for 38.3% and 6.1% respectively. As of the end of December 2010, China's orders held 192.915 million DWT, accounting for 40.8% of the world's total, South Korea and Japan accounted for 33.1% and 17.6% respectively. After 2011, despite the delayed impact of the international financial crisis, the absolute proportion of the three indicators of shipbuilding completion, new orders and hand-held orders in the world market share has declined year by year, but the overall proportion of the above three indicators in the world has remained at a relatively high level of more than 35% for a long time (Table 2).

 Shipbuilding completions, new orders and hand-held orders are the three important indicators that reflect the economic operation of the shipbuilding industry. After 70 years of development, China has been able to independently design and build most ship types. The three core indicators of China's shipbuilding industry have maintained an international leading position for more than 10 years, and the position of the world's shipbuilding power is very stable.

(2) The international competitiveness of the shipping industry has reached the world-class level

The export level of shipbuilding industry is an important index to reflect the international competitiveness of a country's shipbuilding industry. At present, China, together with South Korea and Japan, has been recognized as the three major shipbuilding industry countries in the world. When the People's Republic of China was founded, China's shipbuilding industry was mainly for military purposes, and civil vessels for coastal inland river traffic were mainly for domestic demand, and almost no shipbuilding industry products were exported. From the 1980s to 2000, China's shipbuilding industry was still mainly based on domestic demand, and the share of shipbuilding in the world's total shipbuilding was maintained below 5% for a long time, and the shipbuilding industry was still a typical inward oriented economy, and the proportion of ship exports was extremely low. In the early stage of reform and opening up, China established the shipbuilding industry development strategy of "introducing foreign advanced technology and exporting into the international market", and carried out technical transformation of key shipyards through the introduction of foreign advanced technology and key production equipment from a high starting point, and soon had the ability to build ships that meet the requirements of international norms and standards, and initially realized the export of shipbuilding products. During this period, China's shipbuilding industry in the relatively weak foundation of the case, through the "introduction" in technology, standards, facilities, management, trade and other aspects of the continuous integration with the international, and gradually cultivated the independent design and development capabilities, shipbuilding efficiency, level and quality significantly improved, product structure from conventional ship type gradually developed to a number of high-tech, high value-added ships. By 1994, China surpassed Germany for the first time to become the world's third largest shipbuilding country. In the 21st century, especially since China's accession to the WTO in 2002, the process of internationalization and marketization of China's shipbuilding industry has been further accelerated, and the shipbuilding industry has rapidly transformed from a domestic demand economy to an export economy, and its competitiveness in the international market has been further enhanced. The international market share has increased significantly. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the proportion of completed export ships in the national completed volume, the proportion of new export ship orders in the proportion of new orders, and the proportion of hand-held export ship orders in the proportion of hand-held orders have been at a high of more than 80% for a long time (Table 3), indicating that China's shipbuilding industry has become the most internationally competitive export-oriented economic industry. Since 2010, although affected by the international market downturn, China's completed export ship, new export ship orders and hand-held export ship orders three indicators in recent years have shown varying degrees of decline in China (Figure 2), but due to Japan and South Korea, the above indicators declined more, making China's ship export international competitiveness has become relatively stronger.