China's shipbuilding industry has made brilliant achievements in 70 years

Table 3 shows the proportion of the three indicators of China's export ships in the country after 2011. It can be seen that the proportion of exports of China's shipbuilding industry is rising against the trend, indicating that the competitiveness of China's shipbuilding industry in the international market is not decreasing but increasing. The proportion of completed export ships in the national completed volume increased year by year from 81.60% in 2011 to 91.50% in 2018, showing a fluctuating trend of increasing year by year; The proportion of new export ship orders in the national new orders volume fluctuated from 76.40% in 2011 to 87.40% in 2018, showing a slow rising trend. The proportion of hand-held export ship orders in hand-held orders fell rapidly from 91.20% in 2011 to 82.7% in 2012, and then rose year by year to 89.10% in 2018, showing a stable trend in fluctuations. It is not difficult to find that the proportion of the three indicators of China's export ships in the country from 2011 to 2018 showed a steady growth trend, indicating that under the background of Sino-US trade friction and slowing international demand, the international competitiveness of China's shipbuilding industry exports still maintained a steady upward trend.

(3) It has basically formed a modern scientific and technological innovation system for the shipbuilding industry

After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, driven by the development project of the first generation of new technology ships, China basically formed a modern shipbuilding industry system with considerable scale and strength, including scientific research, design, trial production, production, testing and maintenance. But at that time, the shipbuilding industry was mainly dominated by military ships, and the development of civil shipbuilding industry was seriously lagging behind. It can only build small and medium-sized ships along the river and coast, and has neither scientific research and test facilities nor development and design capabilities (Wang Rongsheng, 2008). After the 1960s, China established a series of shipbuilding industry research institutes such as China Ship Research Institute and Shanghai Ship Research and Design Institute, and initially established a scientific research and design system with relatively complete majors and relatively complete and advanced experimental methods. But at that time, China's shipbuilding industry scientific research was still in the stage of introduction, digestion and absorption. The construction of scientific and technological innovation system of shipbuilding industry is still in its infancy.  During this period, shipbuilding research institutes, universities and other specialized research and design institutions initially completed the digestion and absorption stage, and gradually made new breakthroughs in the large-scale, serialization and mass development of mainstream ship types, and the number of export ships independently developed and with independent intellectual property rights was increasing. At the same time, it has gradually cultivated a group of high-tech R & D personnel involved in the whole industry chain of ship construction, ship supporting, ship repair and Marine engineering special equipment manufacturing. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the scientific and technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body has gradually improved, an innovation ecology with integrated development of industry, university and research has taken shape, and the capacity for scientific and technological innovation has been greatly improved. First, ship type development and product structure optimization and upgrading are progressing rapidly, and important breakthroughs have been made in the field of high-tech ships and ocean engineering. The mainstream ship types have basically realized large-scale, serialization and mass, and more than 90% of export ships are brand ship types that are independently developed and have independent intellectual property rights. The ship manufacturing industry is developing in the direction of intelligent design, intelligent products, refined management and information integration. Second, the integration of industry, university and research in the shipbuilding industry has made new progress, and the industry development innovation ecology has been initially established. For example, China Far-reaching Ocean Engineering Equipment Technology Industry Alliance, China Marine Materials Technology Innovation Alliance and Ship offshore industry, new materials industry Alliance have been established in recent years. By the end of 2016, the total number of shipbuilding industry national enterprise technology centers has reached 27, and 5 units such as Shanghai Shipbuilding Technology Research Institute have become technical support units of national engineering laboratories.

Third, independent research and development capabilities and Marine equipment supporting capabilities are improving year by year. The three mainstream ship types have been comprehensively upgraded, strategic and forward-looking product research and development has been steadily promoted, breakthroughs have been made in the research and development of a number of independent brand power equipment, conventional product optimization and innovation capabilities have been increasingly enhanced, high-tech and high value-added product development capabilities have been continuously improved, the localization rate of Marine equipment manufacturing has been further improved, and the core competitiveness of the shipbuilding industry has gradually increased.