Current situation and problems of scientific and technological capability and industrial structure of Marine carrying equipment in China

First, after years of development, the scale of China's Marine carrying equipment industry has continued to grow. From January to November 2019, China has 1,052 shipbuilding industry enterprises above designated size, and the main business income is about 394.77 billion yuan. China's Marine transport equipment industry chain is relatively complete, covering the whole chain of research and development design, final assembly and construction, power and supporting, and service, which has strongly supported the development of Marine industry.

(1) The field of higher education of shipbuilding and Marine engineering

In the past 40 years, the scale of higher education of shipbuilding and Marine engineering in China has continued to expand. In the 1970s, there were only 9 colleges and universities engaged in teaching in this field, while at the beginning of the 21st century, there were more than 40 colleges and universities engaged in teaching in this field, and the total number of teachers and students in this field exceeded the sum of other countries in the world. China has trained more than 50% of the world's shipbuilding talents. At the same time, some institutions of higher learning in China have built large ship and ocean engineering test facilities with international advanced level.

The problems in the field of higher education of Marine and ocean engineering in China are as follows: emphasis is placed on the teaching of the overall technology of Marine and ocean engineering, and relatively little attention is paid to the supporting technology, intelligent technology, new material technology, and basic device technology of Marine exploration and perception in the aspects of Marine equipment power, auxiliary machinery, observation and navigation, comprehensive information, etc. Students have fewer internship opportunities and weak engineering concepts.

(2) Research field of shipbuilding and ocean engineering

China's ship and ocean engineering equipment research team is huge, with research and design institutes and shipyards from enterprises as the core, supported by universities and colleges, forming a relatively complete scientific and technological research and development system with professional configuration, serving the design and manufacture of surface and underwater ships and ocean engineering equipment as a whole and supporting systems. Compared with the research level of ship and ocean engineering in the world, the research level of our country in this field is in the situation of minority running, majority running and partial leading.

The main problems in the research field of ship and ocean engineering in China are: insufficient research reserve of basic technology, such as the lack of basic technology research on the mechanism and optimization of basic key units such as core parts and components, special materials and special processes, and detection methods; Energy and power system intelligent management, energy conservation and environmental protection monitoring and other equipment intelligent, green common technology research is relatively lagging.

(3) Ship overall design and final assembly manufacturing field

In terms of mainstream ship types, China has a full range of ship type research and development, design, construction capabilities, to achieve serialization, mass production; In terms of high-tech and special ships, the company basically has the ability to design and build ships such as large LNG carriers, super large fully cooled LNG carriers, and auto ro-ro ships. Since 2010, China's final shipbuilding capacity has ranked first in the world, and the annual shipbuilding completion volume accounts for 35% to 44% of the total world market (measured by deadweight tons). At the same time, China has also made good progress in the research of ship greening and intelligent technology.

The main problems in the field of ship overall design and assembly manufacturing in China are as follows: ship design software is mostly imported from abroad, lacking the ability of independent innovation design for new ship types and new transportation platforms; The degree of automation, intelligence and green of final assembly construction is significantly behind that of Japan and South Korea, and the construction efficiency is significantly lower than the international advanced level; The development of intelligent ship design and manufacturing technology is relatively backward.

(4) Information and communication navigation

The main problems in the field of information and communication navigation in China are as follows: the loading rate of communication and navigation equipment on ocean shipping ships is low, and complete sets of equipment are heavily dependent on imports; The accuracy and reliability of the key components of domestic communication and navigation equipment are still far from that of foreign products. Basic electronic components of communication and navigation equipment mainly rely on imports; Lack of intelligent ship technology development requirements, relatively perfect integrated communication and data platform system.

(5) Power and supporting electromechanical fields

Driven by the market, the scale of China's power and supporting mechanical and electrical industry has expanded rapidly, and there are more than 500 Marine supporting equipment manufacturing enterprises above the national scale; A system of power mechanical and electrical equipment manufacturing and testing and verification facilities has been basically established, forming a relatively complete industrial chain, with products covering power systems, deck machinery, cabin machinery, automation, outfitting and other fields; In terms of processing, manufacturing and production capacity, it has reached the world's advanced level, and basically has the ability to support the power and mechanical and electrical equipment of the three mainstream ship types.

China's problems in the field of power and supporting mechanical and electrical equipment are mainly: some self-designed and manufactured power and mechanical and electrical equipment lack reliability indicators, and products have not yet formed a series, standardization, brand loading rate is low; The development of power supporting equipment services is slow, and there is a big gap with European enterprises in the number of service outlets, service efficiency, and service coverage.

Second, the key development direction of China's Marine carrying equipment

China's Marine transport equipment field urgently needs to make up for the shortcomings of the industrial chain, implement key technology research, constantly improve the green and intelligent level of Marine transport equipment, improve construction efficiency and quality, and accelerate the cultivation of core key systems and equipment with independent intellectual property rights. The formation of a sound Marine transport equipment research and development design, assembly and construction, equipment supply, technical service industry system and standardization system, to promote the Marine transport equipment industry development mode into a scientific and technological innovation driven.

(1) Breakthrough key technologies

1. Polar navigation ship technology

Research will focus on the overall design of polar navigation ships, ice tank tests, stability/speed/maneuverability in ice areas, polar environmental protection and emergency rescue, and polar anti-ice and anti-cold and anti-pollution technologies.

2. Intelligent ship manufacturing technology

Focus on ship typical intermediate product production line design integration and control, intelligent process design, intelligent manufacturing process, intelligent management and control of manufacturing process, intelligent decision-making of key manufacturing links and other technology research.

3. Ship optimization and energy-saving technology

The research focuses on the integration of the main scale and linear design of the low resistance hull, the air resistance optimization of the hull superstructure, the air lubrication of the ship bottom, and the ship thermal power generation system.

4. Design technology of Marine propulsion equipment

Focus on efficient propeller optimization design technology, propeller/rudder integration design technology, propeller/ship stern optimization and matching design technology, overlapping twin propeller counterrotating propulsion technology and other reasonable integration research.

5.Vibration and noise reduction and comfort technology

The research focuses on equipment vibration isolation, high-performance Marine acoustic materials, construction acoustic technology and outfitting management, structural acoustic design, active acoustic control, comfort cabin design and other technologies.

6. Ship key material technology

Focus on EH47 and above high-strength steel, titanium alloy materials, low-temperature materials (atmospheric temperature ≤-50 ℃), lightweight composite materials, environmental friendly anti-pollution and drag reduction new materials and other technical research.

(2) Major projects and scientific and technological projects

1. Intelligent ship engineering

Improve the top-level design planning of intelligent ships, take typical ships as objects, realize intelligent management and control of ships, and gradually acquire the autonomous navigation capability of ships based on intelligent collision avoidance; Build a comprehensive test environment for virtual and real integration of intelligent ships, and a test mechanism and test conditions for ship-shore linkage; Strengthen the construction of ship data security and equipment security.

2. Super ecological and environmental protection ship technology project

The formation of a number of international leading level of green brand ship types, standard ship types and series ship types, greatly improve the technology leading ability; Breakthrough in the key technology of greening of supporting equipment, and the technical level ranks among the world's advanced level; Developing new green ship types powered by low/no carbon fuels.

3. Science and technology special for the operation and maintenance of ships throughout their life cycle

Establish a ship-shore integrated "Internet of Things, big data, Internet" technology system, and gradually realize the operation and maintenance guarantee of ship-shore integration; Gradually realize remote fault diagnosis, predictive maintenance and remote control for key systems such as ship's mechanical and electrical equipment, deck system, cabin system and nuclear power system; The relevant equipment gradually has the ability of self-sensing and self-adaptation to realize self-maintenance and self-protection.

Third, countermeasures and suggestions

1. Strengthen top-level design and make overall planning

At present, some scientific research institutions and scientific and technological researchers in our country pay insufficient attention to the research and development of basic and cutting-edge technologies. It is suggested to further strengthen the top-level design work, formulate the overall strategic plan, do a good job of coordination and guidance, strengthen basic research, and avoid duplicate construction and vicious competition. For the medium - and long-term development of ship and delivery technology, it is appropriate to give full play to the overall strength of the state and the industry, clarify the development focus direction, and guide relevant enterprises to unify the focus of technology research and development to the key direction with consensus.

(2) Strengthen policy guidance and promote domestic applications

It is suggested that education, industry and other competent departments actively carry out policy guidance, and gradually adjust the industrial structure that focuses on "final assembly and construction" and light "internal organs and basic parts"; Encourage the promotion and application of independently developed software for the design, evaluation, manufacture and operation of Marine transport equipment; Formulate and implement encouraging policies in the first (set) application, self-owned brand promotion and application, and supporting service capacity building.

3. Increase investment in scientific research and expand funding channels

Encourage relevant enterprises, research institutes and institutions of higher learning to increase investment in independent research and development in their own professional fields, and make good use of the relevant support policies of the state in science and technology and finance; Carry out direct financing through multiple channels, introduce private capital to participate in co-construction of scientific and technological innovation projects, and explore the formation of diversified and sustainable investment mechanisms.

4. Promoting multi-party integration and coordinated development

Strengthen the cooperation of research and development forces within the industry, according to the division of labor and cooperation of professional specialties, clarify the rights and interests protection and results sharing mechanism, and jointly carry out major technical projects. At the same time, strengthen the cooperation and exchanges between R&D institutions in the industry and scientific research institutions and institutions of higher learning in other fields in China, and build a multi-level R&D system involving enterprises, institutions of higher learning and research institutions.

(5) Explore incentive mechanisms to promote talent development

We will innovate the incentive mechanism for personnel training, explore a reasonable and effective medium - and long-term incentive and restraint system, and accelerate the training and construction of specialized personnel such as innovative R & D personnel, senior marketing personnel, project management personnel, and high-level skilled personnel. Encourage the use of patent licensing, patent transfer, invention patent investment, intellectual property rights pledge and other forms to promote the transfer, transformation and industrialization of innovative achievements.

6. Emphasizing international cooperation and promoting technological innovation

Make full use of global scientific and technological resources, deeply integrate into the global scientific and technological innovation network, carry out technical exchange activities in the international Marine field, and strengthen research on international intellectual property rules. We will continue to improve the level of scientific and technological development and industry governance of Marine transport equipment by means of scientific and technological cooperation, joint development and utilization of resources, and participation in the formulation of international standards.