Current situation and problems of scientific and technological capability and industrial structure of Marine carrying equipment in China

First, after years of development, the scale of China's Marine carrying equipment industry has continued to grow. From January to November 2019, China has 1,052 shipbuilding industry enterprises above designated size, and the main business income is about 394.77 billion yuan. China's Marine transport equipment industry chain is relatively complete, covering the whole chain of research and development design, final assembly and construction, power and supporting, and service, which has strongly supported the development of Marine industry.

(1) The field of higher education of shipbuilding and Marine engineering

In the past 40 years, the scale of higher education of shipbuilding and Marine engineering in China has continued to expand. In the 1970s, there were only 9 colleges and universities engaged in teaching in this field, while at the beginning of the 21st century, there were more than 40 colleges and universities engaged in teaching in this field, and the total number of teachers and students in this field exceeded the sum of other countries in the world. China has trained more than 50% of the world's shipbuilding talents. At the same time, some institutions of higher learning in China have built large ship and ocean engineering test facilities with international advanced level.

The problems in the field of higher education of Marine and ocean engineering in China are as follows: emphasis is placed on the teaching of the overall technology of Marine and ocean engineering, and relatively little attention is paid to the supporting technology, intelligent technology, new material technology, and basic device technology of Marine exploration and perception in the aspects of Marine equipment power, auxiliary machinery, observation and navigation, comprehensive information, etc. Students have fewer internship opportunities and weak engineering concepts.

(2) Research field of shipbuilding and ocean engineering

China's ship and ocean engineering equipment research team is huge, with research and design institutes and shipyards from enterprises as the core, supported by universities and colleges, forming a relatively complete scientific and technological research and development system with professional configuration, serving the design and manufacture of surface and underwater ships and ocean engineering equipment as a whole and supporting systems. Compared with the research level of ship and ocean engineering in the world, the research level of our country in this field is in the situation of minority running, majority running and partial leading.

The main problems in the research field of ship and ocean engineering in China are: insufficient research reserve of basic technology, such as the lack of basic technology research on the mechanism and optimization of basic key units such as core parts and components, special materials and special processes, and detection methods; Energy and power system intelligent management, energy conservation and environmental protection monitoring and other equipment intelligent, green common technology research is relatively lagging.

(3) Ship overall design and final assembly manufacturing field

In terms of mainstream ship types, China has a full range of ship type research and development, design, construction capabilities, to achieve serialization, mass production; In terms of high-tech and special ships, the company basically has the ability to design and build ships such as large LNG carriers, super large fully cooled LNG carriers, and auto ro-ro ships. Since 2010, China's final shipbuilding capacity has ranked first in the world, and the annual shipbuilding completion volume accounts for 35% to 44% of the total world market (measured by deadweight tons). At the same time, China has also made good progress in the research of ship greening and intelligent technology.

The main problems in the field of ship overall design and assembly manufacturing in China are as follows: ship design software is mostly imported from abroad, lacking the ability of independent innovation design for new ship types and new transportation platforms; The degree of automation, intelligence and green of final assembly construction is significantly behind that of Japan and South Korea, and the construction efficiency is significantly lower than the international advanced level; The development of intelligent ship design and manufacturing technology is relatively backward.

(4) Information and communication navigation

The main problems in the field of information and communication navigation in China are as follows: the loading rate of communication and navigation equipment on ocean shipping ships is low, and complete sets of equipment are heavily dependent on imports; The accuracy and reliability of the key components of domestic communication and navigation equipment are still far from that of foreign products. Basic electronic components of communication and navigation equipment mainly rely on imports; Lack of intelligent ship technology development requirements, relatively perfect integrated communication and data platform system.