Current situation and development trend of eucalyptus pulp in China

The integration of forest and paper is a development model widely adopted in the world paper industry. Large-scale international pulp and paper enterprises have built fast-growing and high-yield raw material forest bases in various forms. With its rapid growth and high yield, strong adaptability, less pests and diseases, resource intensification, and high economic benefits, eucalyptus has become China's annual growth rate of 35 000 ~ 43 O00 hm2. According to incomplete statistics, the area of eucalyptus plantation in China reaches 1.6 million hm2, and it is predicted that it can reach 1.8 million hm2 in 2OlO. The development of eucalyptus pulp has been paid more and more attention by pulp and paper industry. The introduction and cultivation of eucalyptus in China has gone through about three stages so far. In 1890, the Chinese ambassador to Italy brought eucalyptus back to Guangzhou and Fuzhou for planting. In 1894, eucalyptus was introduced to Kunming, Yunnan Province. From 1896 to 1900, a large number of E.globulus were planted along roads and rivers in Yunnan Province. In 1910, E.camaldulensis and E.camaldulensis were introduced to Sichuan; in 1912, E. Camaldulensis and E. Maais were introduced to Xiamen; and in 1915, E. Camalodora, E.camaldulensis and E. Robusta were introduced to the section of Guangdong-Han Railway from Guangzhou to Shaoguan.

From 1890 to 1950, after 60 years of long years, a variety of eucalyptus seeds were introduced from various channels in different areas of foreign countries, and seedlings were cultivated and planted in the courtyard and around, most of which were scattered planting. As a productive operation of afforestation, the scale was small and the development was slow. 1.2 Extensive management stage After the founding of New China, China began to plant eucalyptus on a large scale in South China. In the early 1950s, Zhanjiang area of Guangdong Province took the lead in establishing the west Guangdong eucalyptus forest farm, which is now the Guanzhou Forestry Bureau. Subsequently, Guangxi established the Guinan Forestry Bureau, including the current Dongmen Forest farm, Qinlian forest farm, including 9 forest farms to plant eucalyptus, select eucalyptus tree species, explore the experience of forest operation, and begin to set up afforestation. From 1951 to 1980, in 30 years, it gradually developed into a productive afforestation, but fewer tree species and low tree growth. At the same time, in the selection of tree species, only a general selection was carried out, from eucalyptus macrophylla to eucalyptus wild, eucalyptus blue, and then determine the edge of the hole eucalyptus (E. xscrta), lemon as the promotion tree. Therefore, from the 1950s to the 1980s, forest technology was still in the exploratory period, and eucalyptus afforestation was still in the stage of expanding planting and phase release management. l.3 Vigorous development and Oriented cultivation stage With China's reform and opening up and economic development, China has vigorously developed eucalyptus plantations in South China as one of the ways to alleviate the shortage of wood resources, and vigorously developed eucalyptus through various ways. 

In December 1981, China and Australia signed a memorandum of understanding in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. After 8 years, the project built a 1400hm2 eucalyptus demonstration forest, introduced more than 100 kinds of eucalyptus, more than 200 provences, and established the largest eucalyptus gene bank with clear sources in China. Seven excellent fast-growing tree species, such as Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus macrophylla, Eucalyptus microphylla and Eucalyptus macrophylla, were selected, among which Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus macrophylla have been widely popularized in South China. Based on the selection of the excellent subspecies and the excellent population and individual plant of the seed source, the mother forest of 60 hm2 and the daughter forest of 40 hm2 were established. In 1984, the Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF) and Australia launched a cooperative research on ---- Australian broadleaf trees, an important part of which is the introduction and cultivation of Australian eucalyptus in China. Through this project, 110 species, 350 provenances and 1 100 families of eucalyptus were introduced in China. In 1988, the Ministry of Forestry invested in the establishment of the Eucalyptus research and development Center with Australian assistance, and established the Eucalyptus professional Committee of the Chinese Forestry Society. Its main task is to organize and coordinate the national eucalyptus serialization research work, undertake the national distribution and application, technical services and technical consultation. Over the past 10 years, the Eucalyptus Research Center has undertaken nearly 60 national research projects, international cooperation projects and provincial (ministry), city (region) studies. 

And in 8 provinces and regions in South China, Southwest and East China, we carried out the oriented cultivation research of eucalyptus pulp, the cultivation of eucalyptus large-diameter wood, the research of precious eucalyptus, and the research of cold-resistant eucalyptus varieties. The experimental families reached 2000, and a batch of new varieties were cultivated, and achieved good results, which promoted the development of the national eucalyptus cause. In particular, the cultivation of eucalyptus pulp and the research of cold-resistant eucalyptus have achieved fruitful results, which has laid a foundation for the development of eucalyptus pulp in southern China. First of all, a batch of new varieties have been cultivated. China has introduced more than 300 varieties of eucalyptus, and more than 200 varieties have been cultivated and afforested, and more than 20 varieties have been planted on a large area of production. At present, the main eucalyptus species are more than 10 tree species, such as eucalyptus caudatum, eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus Weta, Eucalyptus caudatum, eucalyptus fine leaf, Eucalyptus Dunne, Eucalyptus blue, Eucalyptus bright fruit, eucalyptus Congo 12, Eucalyptus Raylin 1, etc. Some of them are excellent clones, the annual growth of trees is as high as 4 ~ 8m, and the wood production is 40 ~ 60 m3/hm2 per year. 2 Current situation of eucalyptus pulp in China 2.1 At present, eucalyptus has been introduced and planted in more than 600 counties in 18 provinces (autonomous regions and cities), including Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Fujian, Sichuan, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shanghai, Shaanxi, Taiwan and Gansu. The main producing areas of eucalyptus in China are Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Fujian and Sichuan. As of 2004, the main producing areas of the above eucalyptus are 45, 45, 20, 20, 64, 40000 hm2 respectively, and other provinces and regions 20 hm2, a total of 160 hm2.