Construction of comprehensive treatment of mine solid waste in the era of big data

3. Backfill the mined-out area with tailings. The tailing is fine and uniform in size. It has the advantages of convenient transportation, no processing and easy cementation when used as filling material in underground stope. The backfilling of tailings can greatly reduce the footprint. Conventional hydraulic filling (including high-concentration filling) uses graded coarse tailings. As a filler; The all-tailing paste filling technology developed in recent years has a remarkable effect on reducing or eliminating tailing pollution to the surface or underground environment. Waste rock is used as underground filling: one is direct backfill, the waste rock in the upper middle section is directly poured into the goaf in the lower middle section, most mines have adopted this backfill method; The other method is to lift the waste rock to the surface, carry out appropriate crushing processing, and mix the tailings and cement to backfill the goaf. This method is safe, but the processing cost is high. In Zhaoyuan Gold Mine and Jiaojia gold mine in Shandong province, China, the method of backfilling gob with mixed cement is adopted.

4. Other uses of tailings. There are some trace elements required by plants in the tailings, and the tailings can be directly processed as micro-fertilizer, or used as a soil amendment. For example, potassium, manganese, phosphorus, zinc, tin and other components in the tailings may often be micronutrient components of plants. The door tailing contains calcite, feldspar or alum salt, which can produce flocculant and collector of industrial sewage. Granodiorite tailing to produce flocculant or water glass is widely used in industry. In addition, the tailings can also be used as pesticides for agricultural production.

5. Start from the source, carry out comprehensive utilization of resources, and reduce the production of solid waste. Start from the source, carry out the comprehensive utilization of primary resources to reduce the production of solid waste, especially the production of fine tailings. It is an effective and economical method. Therefore, in the process design and production practice, in addition to improving the recovery rate of the main elements in the ore, it is also necessary to consider the comprehensive recovery of the associated metal elements and non-gold elements to avoid the tail project behind the main process. For the composite polymetallic ore whose comprehensive recovery technology is not mature, the resource reserve method can be adopted to be exploited when the conditions are mature to avoid the waste of resources.

In fact, the comprehensive treatment of mine solid waste can not be completed by enterprises on the one hand, but also requires efforts from all aspects. First, we must adhere to the principle of developing mineral resources under protection and protecting them during development, raise the people's awareness of resources and the environment, and integrate environmental protection into the whole process of resource development and utilization; The second is to incorporate the pollution prevention and control of mine solid waste into the overall planning of comprehensive remediation of mine ecological environment, guided by the principles of ecology and ecological economics, to coordinate resource development, comprehensive utilization of solid waste and pollution prevention, to economic and social development and environmental protection and construction of mining areas as objects, through unified planning and comprehensive construction, to achieve ecological construction, environmental construction and mining areas Coordinated development of economic construction; The third is to adapt to local conditions, according to the actual situation of each mine, adopt a reasonable way to comprehensively control the environmental pollution caused by solid waste, such as the reclamation and greening of solid waste dumps, the suppression of tailings pond dust, and the treatment of acid water discharged by solid waste. In a word, I believe that through the efforts of all parties the solid waste from mines can be well managed.

Over the years, especially in recent years, people have realized that tailings treatment and disposal technology is a worldwide problem, the whole tail overall utilization technology has made progress, no waste or less waste mining technology of mines continue to emerge, the use of tailings to make building materials production products are increasingly recognized by the society, become the bright spot of new productivity, the development of non-mineral mining industry is increasingly trapped around the mine solid waste generation The characteristics, combined with the market needs to develop new products, high value-added products are becoming the pursuit of the hot spot, the comprehensive utilization of solid waste in China has a certain technical basis, we should follow the focus of solid waste resources industrialization, select waste composite materials, tailings glass-ceramics, new lightweight building materials and useful minerals and metal extraction and other products technology, the establishment of batch Representative industrial demonstration projects with high technical starting point, significant comprehensive benefits and able to reach a certain scale, gradually form applicable and advanced complete sets of resource-based equipment and processes, and establish complete management methods and technical standards; According to the requirements of resource utilization, minimum quantification and harmless management, a management system for the overall utilization of mine tailings should be established to promote the industrialization of the overall utilization of mine solid waste. Mining enterprises should also further emancipate their minds, establish a solid waste management and operation mechanism that is in line with the market economy, raise funds in many ways, realize enterprise management, take the road of industrialization, and strive to practice the "three represents", develop our country's mining economy and improve our mining environment.