Mountain mining took away the green mountains, but also a few years to repair?

China is the third largest mining country in the world, with more than 150,000 large and small mines.

These mineral resources are not only precious, but also the culprit affecting the ecological environment.

For example, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Tianjin and other cities have tens of thousands of mining industries, but also due to excessive mining, many mineral resources have been reduced, and more and more abandoned mines.

This will not only make the city look cratered, but also affect the ecological environment on which we depend.

Most mines used to be arable land, or concentrated areas of trees, before they were mined, and mining made these agricultural lands disappear, and good mountains were cut down, and even the flat land was dug into large pits.

In the places that have been excavated, the terrain is complex, the structure is unstable, and serious problems such as dust, water, landslide, soil compaction, heavy metal pollution, groundwater pollution and so on have appeared.

The dangers of overexploitation

The environmental hazards of mining production mainly include soil erosion, ground subsidence caused by mines, destruction of biodiversity and pollution of groundwater caused by chemical waste water in mining process.

1. Water pollution

Due to mining and mineral processing activities, the surface water or groundwater is acidic, containing heavy metals and toxic elements, and this polluted mine water is called mine sewage. Mine sewage endangers the river and soil around the mining area, and even destroys the whole water system, affecting the domestic water, industrial and agricultural water. When toxic elements and heavy metals invade the food chain, they pose a potential threat to human beings.

2. Air pollution

Dust produced in the process of drilling, blasting and loading and transportation of ore and waste rock at the surface of open pit mining and underground mining, oxidation of waste rock (especially coal gangue) and natural release of a large number of harmful gases, fine matter and dust formed by waste rock weathering, as well as tailings weathering, etc., will produce dust storms in dry climate and strong winds. All these will cause air pollution in the regional environment.

3. Land destruction and soil pollution

Mining, especially open-pit mining, has caused the destruction or occupation of a large area of land, especially the occupation of cultivated land, which makes farmers miserable. Moreover, mining is accompanied by heavy metal emissions, and many lands are polluted, resulting in the deterioration of land properties and plant physiological dysfunction. It is difficult to restore the original appearance within five years, which not only destroys the natural environment, but also destroys the natural environment. It has a bad effect on agriculture.

4. Geological disasters

Ground and slope excavation affect the stability of the mountain, and lead to rock (soil) deformation inducing collapse and landslide and other geological disasters. The waste rock (slag) discharged from the mine is often deposited on the hillside or gully, and it is easy to cause debris flow when the rainstorm occurs.

Some of the stone and coal mines in the Qinling Mountains region of Shaanxi Province have been destroyed due to uncontrolled overexploitation.

The cracks caused by geological collapse in the mined-out area of Zhongji Town coal mine in Shenmu County are several kilometers long. Due to the loss of groundwater, the vegetation on the surface has withered and nothing grows.

In order to clean up the residual coal of the underground spontaneous combustion, the mountain had to break the gut above, and the surrounding environment was greatly injured.

In Huayin city, a mountain top has been cut. Leaving a bare surface.

Coincidentally, in addition to the ecological problems caused by mining in Shaanxi, Ningxia also suffers from various problems caused by mining.

The deeper you go, the higher you go, the more gray the soil beneath your feet, and the ruts of trucks are very visible.

GIF cover

At the top of the hill, there were piles and piles, completely coal black, and several steel structure work frames.

How high is the mountain, how high is the coal, here is rich in coal, and all on the surface, it is not difficult to mine, the mountain is cinder, mining companies in the mountain at will dump, cinder rolling down the hillside, the mountain has become black.

Ecological restoration of mine

Human beings have clearly realized that the coordinated development of economy and environment is the basis of the whole social development, and the state of ecological environment has become an important symbol to measure social and economic development.

Pollution control, land reclamation and ecological restoration in the process of mineral resources development are a major problem facing us.

Land reclamation and ecological restoration are effective ways to solve the problem of mine environmental protection and comprehensive treatment.

In 2015, The State Council clearly stipulated that it is necessary to speed up the treatment of prominent ecological environmental problems, and carry out the restoration and comprehensive management of the geological environment of mines.

At the end of 2019, the Ministry of Natural Resources accelerated the restoration of the ecological environment, and at the same time indicated that the mine restoration should adhere to the principle of "who destroys, who manages", "who repairs, who benefits", which can not only understand who repairs the damaged mine, but also give profits to the ecological dividend to the unit responsible for restoration, and the mine ecological restoration is gradually market-oriented. The ecological restoration can be carried out freely and independently.

In order to avoid and reduce the damage to the environment, it is necessary to formulate and adjust the corresponding ecological restoration plan according to the different mining characteristics of the mine and the environment of the mine, so that mining and ecological restoration can be carried out together, and finally realize the restoration of the ecological function of the mine.