Natural gas heavy truck and vehicle gas cylinder industry in-depth report

(2) Entering 2019, gas prices continue to fall and diesel prices rise, making the oil and gas price gap continue to widen (gas price base is about 4.2 -- 4.5 yuan/kg, diesel price is about 7.5 yuan/kg), although the price of gas vehicles is tens of thousands of yuan more expensive than diesel vehicles, but its use cost is low, if the current oil and gas price gap can be maintained, If it can ensure sufficient supply, it can make up the difference in the purchase cost of the car after one to two years of operation. From the perspective of penetration rate, the penetration rate from 2011 to 2019 has zigzagged up, but it is still at a low level. In 2019, driven by policies, sales of natural gas heavy trucks accounted for 13% of the total sales of heavy trucks in the market.

2, LNG heavy truck is widely used, CNG is mostly used for micro card small card

The application forms of natural gas can be divided into CNG and LNG, and the sources are different, CNG is mostly transported in the form of pipeline gas, and LNG is mostly directly imported. CNG is stored in high pressure normal temperature cylinders and LNG is stored in medium pressure low temperature cylinders. The high pressure natural gas formed by compressed natural gas to 20MPa is called compressed natural gas (CNG), and CNG is stored in high-pressure normal temperature cylinders. The liquid natural gas formed by ultra-low temperature cryogenic cooling to -162 ° C is called liquefied natural gas (LNG), and LNG is stored in medium-pressure low-temperature cylinders.

Natural gas heavy trucks can be divided into LNG heavy trucks and CNG heavy trucks, the core devices are gas storage cylinders and engines, CNG storage tanks are slightly special, in the total mass of more than 18 tons of heavy trucks is still relatively rare, but in the city with micro and small cards more. In terms of working principle, there is no big difference between CNG heavy trucks and LNG heavy trucks, which are high-pressure gas that enters the engine after decompression and mixes with air and burns to supply energy to the car. However, the different energy attributes of LNG and CNG also make the two kinds of heavy trucks in the storage system, fuel supply system, heavy truck performance and supporting facilities there are certain differences:

1) From the point of view of the fuel storage system, the fuel storage cylinders and weights vary. Usually CNG heavy trucks are equipped with more than 10 cylinders (take HOWO340 HP CNG tractor as an example, the car is equipped with a total of 12 on-board cylinders: 8 140L vehicle gas cylinders and 4 80L vehicle gas cylinders), and LNG heavy trucks are generally equipped with less than 2 storage tanks (HOWO340 horsepower LNG tractor, for example, the vehicle is equipped with 2 450L LNG cylinders; At present, more and more LNG heavy trucks are equipped with a single capacity of more than 950L of gas cylinders). In contrast, the weight of a single LNG heavy truck gas cylinder is smaller and takes up less space: LNG gas cylinders are usually located behind the cab, and CNG gas cylinders are often filled with the rear of the cab, and the side of the frame needs to be placed gas cylinders; In terms of weight, the weight of a single vehicle LNG cylinder is about 600kg, while the weight of CNG cylinder is about 1000kg.

2) From the perspective of fuel supply system, LNG gas supply system is more complex. In the CNG heavy truck, the CNG in the cylinder enters the engine after the pressure of the high-pressure CNG is reduced to 1.5 atmospheres through the pressure reducing valve group; In the LNG heavy truck, the liquefied LNG first needs to be processed into CNG by the gasifier, and then through the decompression treatment, into the engine. Therefore, the fuel supply system of LNG heavy trucks is more complicated.

3) From the driving performance, the LNG heavy truck has a stronger endurance and a longer transportation radius. The total fuel capacity of CNG heavy truck is about 300 standard square meters, while the total fuel capacity of LNG heavy truck is about 1.5 times that of CNG heavy truck, about 450 standard square meters. Due to the limitation of cylinder loading capacity, the endurance capacity of CNG heavy truck is weak, and the transportation radius is limited at the same time, which is obviously restricted by the filling station.

LNG heavy truck has more obvious advantages and is also the main component of natural gas heavy truck. In contrast, LNG heavy truck transport half diameter is larger, more suitable for long-distance transport, with the acceleration of the construction of filling stations, the future development prospects are broader; Due to the limitation of small fuel loading capacity, the transportation radius of CNG heavy truck is limited, and more times need to be filled, so it is more suitable for short-distance transportation.

3, the northern filling station layout has been preliminarily completed, providing a solid guarantee for the improvement of permeability

It is a question of whether the sales volume of natural gas heavy trucks and the number of filling stations are the chicken or the egg first. With the increase of the number of natural gas heavy trucks, the density of filling stations also gradually increases, which in turn promotes the continued increase of permeability: the analysis is made from three types of filling stations: CNG filling stations, LNG filling stations and L-CNG filling stations.