Mine environmental restoration and management model

4.2 Universality

Mine environmental restoration and management model is a set of systematic and perfect mine environmental restoration theory, which involves many mine environmental geological problems. In other words, the model is applicable to the mines or regions where the vast majority of mine environmental problems occur. Universality means that under the constraints of the scope of application of the mine environmental restoration and treatment model, the model can be used in the mine environmental restoration and treatment project with similar problems. For example, in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia and other coal mining areas in the Loess Plateau mine secondary geological disaster control project, the hidden landslide in the mining area can be used according to the characteristics of loess landslide, the scope of application for the loess region of the mine secondary geological disaster restoration and management model, and in the model description with similar regional engineering cases to guide the preparation of treatment plans.

4.3 Procedural

Mine environmental restoration and management model can be directly applied to mine environmental restoration projects. According to the scope of application agreed by the model, it is necessary to clearly point out the characteristics of the model's composition technology, key technology and main process, analyze the engineering benefits that can be realized by the model according to existing engineering cases, and ensure that the model is simple and practical. In order to facilitate the government units, mine management departments to promote the mine environment management and prevention work. Therefore, the pattern is process-oriented, and the realization of its benefits benefits from the user's correct grasp of the characteristics of the pattern and the accurate implementation of the repair and governance technology of the constitutive pattern.

5. Optimization of mine environmental restoration and management mode

The model of mine environmental restoration and management is the study of the complex system of mine environment, which is constantly updated and optimized. The optimization of the model is closely related to the response of mine geological environment, the benefit of mine environmental restoration, the objective of mine environmental restoration and the technology of mine environmental restoration. The optimization factors of mine environmental restoration mode are shown in Figure 4.

The model of mine geological environment response can be optimized, because the model must be established on the basis of mine environmental problems and development background. According to the characteristics of geological environment response to different mine environmental problems under many influencing factors, the type and number of problems involved in the mine environmental restoration and governance model can be expanded. In addition, due to the continuous progress and update of mine environmental restoration targets due to national policies, the model should optimize and update the technical composition to achieve new targets as the degree of target requirements changes. The benefit demand of mine environmental restoration is related to the expected effect of the model, which needs to be established on the basis of statistical data such as cost, time and area, which requires the optimization of the key technology and process flow of the model, and the continuous optimization of the model to meet the benefit demand. Finally, with the continuous progress and improvement of mine environmental restoration and management technology with the difficulty of restoration, demand and patent renewal, the model needs to be upgraded and updated to achieve the optimization of model level and benefits.

6. Example of mine environmental restoration mode

Based on the geological environment survey of coal mines in North China and the research content and construction steps of the mine environmental restoration and management model, this paper gives the following example of the restoration and management model of ground collapse problem, as shown in Table 1, and explains the subsidence constructed wetland model.

6.1 Constructed wetland model of subsidence basin

The model "subsidence area filling + digging shallow pad/local subsidence pit backfilling + water barrier layer setting + constructed wetland development" is an example of constructed wetland model for subsidence basin in areas with high diving level and large surface subsidence deformation, and is suitable for flat or hilly areas. The land use goal is to repair topography, restore forest and grass land and build constructed wetland system.

It can be seen that in the implementation process of this model, there are main technologies such as subsidence area filling, deep digging and shallow pad, water barrier layer setting and constructed wetland development. The technical contents and functions are as follows:

1) Subsidence area filling. In view of the existing deformation area of subsidence basin, solid wastes such as gangue and fly ash are used to fill the deformation area, basically repairing the damaged terrain and geomorphology in the area with strong deformation and keeping it consistent with the surrounding area.