Mine environmental restoration and management model

According to the decomposition of mode function modules, the author sets the code for the engineering disaster elimination module, ecological restoration module and biological restoration module in the order of constituting technologies as follows: Disaster elimination and restoration technology (Ai ~ Di), ecological restoration technology (Ei), biological restoration technology (Bei), the code is conducive to the systematic description of the composition of the model, and the macro construction of the mine environmental restoration management model such as "Ai+Bi+Ci+Di+Ei+Bei" and other organic construction of mine environmental restoration technology.

3. Establishment process of mine environmental restoration and management model

The establishment process of mine environmental restoration and governance model is shown in Figure 3. "Restoration of mine environmental problems" is the first step, which goes through the study of technology and objectives, and constitutes the establishment process of the model in a clockwise cycle. In this process, the restoration and governance technology and problems, and the restoration and governance objectives and problems have mutually feeding effects of benefit feedback, and each step has different influence characteristics on the model.

The restoration of mine environmental problems, namely: the understanding of the restoration object, mainly includes the investigation of mine geological environment, the assessment of geological environmental problems, and the typical treatment project cases. Mine environmental investigation refers to five aspects: mine geological environment investigation, mine water environment investigation, mine ecological environment investigation, mine atmospheric environment investigation and mine space environment investigation. This paper focuses on the geological environment survey of mines, and provides basic data on the scale, characteristics, background and occurrence rules of environmental geological problems to illustrate the establishment process of the model. Mine geological environment assessment is a quantitative and qualitative evaluation carried out on the basis of field investigation, taking into account the complexity of geological environment background and the degree of restoration of mine environmental problems, weighing a number of mine environmental indicators.

The degree of harm and the degree of impact of mining activities on the environment, so it plays a guiding role in the application scope and application object of the restoration model. The collection of mine environmental restoration cases is the basis of the extraction and sublimation model, which is helpful to discuss the benefits and effects of the model. There are great differences in the remediation methods for similar mine environmental problems in different regions. Therefore, the remediation and governance cases become the best test method for the pertinence and universality of the remediation and governance model.

Restoration technology research is subject to the joint constraints of restoration project cases and restoration objectives. Reasonable restoration technology can come from either restoration and governance project cases or local governance experience, and an organic model is formed after being determined and coded according to module functions. Therefore, the model is the optimization and organic combination of restoration and treatment technologies, and the characteristics of the technology restrict a number of characteristics of the model, such as: the applicable conditions of the model, the key technologies of the model, the expected results of the model, etc., which has a great impact on the learning, understanding and promotion of the model by mine users. In addition, the expected benefit of remediation technology, construction technology, economic cost and other aspects restrict the application of remediation model.

The objective of mine environmental restoration is the expected benefits and results of mine environmental restoration proposed on the basis of the understanding of the restoration image and the restoration experience of mine environmental problems and the existing restoration technology. It has a guiding effect on the construction of the model and becomes the basis for judging the rationality of the application scope of the model. Mine environmental restoration goals are divided into geological engineering goals, land restoration goals and ecological restoration goals, which must conform to the government policy, laws and regulations and the actual situation of the mine environment. Mine environmental restoration goals can lead to the establishment of targeted restoration models, and mine environmental restoration governance models can be classified according to different restoration goals.

4. Characteristics of mine environmental restoration and management mode

4.1 Pertinence

 The model study focuses on restoration object, restoration target, restoration technology and other contents, and each content focuses on targeted research. Specifically, the application scope of the restoration mode related to mining subsidence problem takes into account the different performance characteristics of the surface of the problem, such as subsidence basin, collapse pit, collapse trough and ground fracture, etc. The engineering restoration technology of different occurrence forms must correspond to different targeted technologies in order to achieve the benefits of the restoration mode.