Mine environmental restoration and management model

After mineral resources are extracted from underground, the most direct impact on geological environment is to change the original ground stress. All kinds of underground mining areas are widely developed mining subsidence problems, such as subsidence basin, collapse pit, ground cracks and other surface rock and soil body failure phenomena. As of 2015, the total subsidence problem area caused by resource mining in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is about 306.37km2, which is concentrated in underground mining coal, ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal and precious metal mining areas, among which the subsidence problem area caused by coal mining is about 305.77km2, accounting for about 99.80% of the total problem area.

1. Definition and analysis of mine environmental restoration and management mode

Mine environmental restoration and governance model takes mine geological environment restoration and governance as the main research object. As can be seen from the definition of mine environmental restoration model, the key contents of the model are shown in Figure 1, including: mine environmental geological problems, mine environmental restoration objectives, mine geological environment background, mine development and utilization conditions and mine geological environment restoration and governance model. As can be seen from Figure 1, mine environmental restoration and treatment is a systematic study of mine geological environment, mine environmental geological problems and mine restoration and treatment technologies. Mine environmental restoration and governance mode is an organic and systematic combination of mine environmental restoration technologies, but the technical composition of restricting and guiding mine environmental restoration and governance mode is closely related to the other four aspects. As shown in Figure 1, the five research contents of mine environmental restoration and governance modes, including mine geological environment background, mine development and utilization conditions, and mine environmental restoration objectives, are correlated with each other. The author divides the correlation into the outer "progressive" relationship and the inner "five elements" relationship.

The contents of the outer "progressive" relationship have progressive research correlation with each other, and this "progressive" relationship is helpful to promote the study of the model of mine environmental restoration and governance. Various contents in the internal "five elements" relationship establish internal multi-directional correlation through the mine environmental restoration data model, and become the research content of the technical composition of the guiding model, the application scope of the restoration model, the verification of the model benefit, and the optimization and improvement of the model. Therefore, the five contents also have the characteristics of "two-way" correlation.

2. Macro construction of mine environmental restoration and governance model

The mode of mine environmental restoration and management is a tool to prevent and solve the contradiction between mine environment and problem restoration. Based on the conditions of mine development and utilization and the geological environment background of mine, it is necessary to grasp the law of problem occurrence and put forward preventive measures on the one hand, and repair and control the existing mine environmental problems on the other hand. Therefore, the model is based on the practice of mine environmental restoration to carry out theoretical research, with both typical mine environmental restoration project cases as the technical research background and specialized research on restoration technology, combining the mine environmental restoration experience in different regions of China with the mine restoration theory. A set of mine environmental restoration model with reasonable technical composition, suitable for mines in different areas and complete system has been formed.

The primary task of mine environmental restoration and management model research is to deeply understand the mine environmental problems. Domestic scholars have many classification schemes for mine environmental problems, such as classification based on mine development stage, classification based on mineral species, classification based on the manifestation and impact results of mine environmental geological problems, and classification based on the characteristics of mine environmental geological problems. In the study of model objects, the author focuses on the comprehensive classification scheme of problem nature, and divides common mine environmental problems into: Ground collapse problem, solid waste problem, liquid waste problem, open-pit slope stability problem, water layer structure damage problem and mine secondary geological disaster problem.

According to the functional requirements of the model, the author divides it into three functional sub-modules: engineering disaster elimination module, ecological restoration module and biological restoration module. The functional module of mine environmental restoration and governance mode is shown in Figure 2, in which the main function of the engineering disaster elimination module is to eliminate or prevent regional disaster hazards. The technical types of the module include disaster elimination and restoration technology and engineering restoration technology, which are mainly used to strengthen and transform surface rock and soil bodies and prevent unsafe hazards such as rock and soil bodies and geological bodies. The main function of the two sub-modules, ecological restoration module and biological restoration module, is to promote the restoration of rock and soil mass and ecological environment, and use ecological restoration technology and biological restoration technology to cooperate with the engineering disaster elimination module to complete the mine environmental restoration, so as to achieve the land restoration and ecological restoration goals of the model.