Open the door of petrochemical industry and coal chemical industry

Second, analysis and comparison of petrochemical industry and coal chemical industry

1. Raw material path: rich coal, poor oil, less gas energy structure

The classification of energy mainly includes coal, oil, natural gas and others, and all the raw material sources of the chemical industry ultimately come from these categories. China's energy consumption grew at an average rate of 5.3 percent over the past decade, compared with 1.5 percent in 2015, less than a third of the previous decade's average. In the past ten years, China's total energy consumption is still increasing year by year, but the growth rate shows an obvious downward trend year by year. However, China remains the world's largest energy consumer, accounting for 23% of global consumption and 34% of global net growth year-on-year.

Specifically subdivided into various primary energy sources, coal has always been the main body of energy consumption in China, accounting for more than 65%, although it has also shown a downward trend in recent years; Consumption of natural gas fluctuated in a narrow range, little changed, while oil was basically flat. In 2014, coal accounted for 66.0% of total consumption in China, oil accounted for 17.1%, natural gas accounted for 5.7%, and primary power and other energy accounted for 11.2%.

For petrochemical industry, it is the oil processing industry with oil and natural gas as raw materials, and the acquisition of oil and natural gas is mainly obtained directly through oilfield exploitation. It should be pointed out here that petroleum, strictly by definition, all natural hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof, regardless of phase state (gas, liquid, solid, except coal), are collectively referred to as petroleum; That petroleum includes crude oil, natural gas, natural gasoline, ground wax, etc.; However, it is common in everyday terms to refer to petroleum and crude oil together, and this article follows this custom.

The number of oil field exploitation enterprises in China has shown a downward trend year by year since 2010, and has been reduced from 335 enterprises to 137 in 2012, down 59% year-on-year, and has remained at about 140 in recent years, fluctuating about 3%. This is mainly related to the market fluctuations of international crude oil prices, and the continuous decline of international crude oil prices has led to domestic oil field exploitation enterprises more inclined to directly import crude oil and try to avoid the restriction of high mining costs.

Coal chemical industry is based on coal, which is the most abundant fossil fuel available on Earth. China is rich in coal resources, coal reserves are far greater than oil, natural gas reserves, has proved coal recoverable reserves of about 800 billion tons, with the progress of exploration work, year by year are still discovering new large coal fields, coal reserves are still increasing. China's coal types are more complete, in addition to high-quality coking coal, there are rare in the world Datong, Shenfu and other high-quality coal, need rational use; It is widely distributed in North and northwest China, followed by southwest and East China. The key to the comprehensive utilization of coal resources is to make different uses according to the classification and quality of coal. In China's current coal reserves, coking coal accounts for about 42%, long flame coal, non-stick coal and weak stick coal account for about 32%, lignite coal 14%, and other coal accounts for about 22%.

2. Conversion process

2.1 Petrochemical conversion process: integration of petroleum refining and petrochemical industry

The atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil is usually the first process of petroleum processing, which is responsible for the primary separation of crude oil. After desalting and dehydrating, the crude oil enters the atmospheric distillation column and the vacuum distillation column. The crude oil is divided into gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, lubricating oil raw material, cracking raw material and residual oil by using the different boiling range of each component in the crude oil. Atmospheric and vacuum distillation should obtain distillate oil from oil as much as possible, reduce the amount of residual oil, and increase the total extraction rate of crude oil. This can not only obtain more light straight-run oil, but also provide more raw oil for secondary or tertiary processing, laying a good foundation for deep processing of crude oil.

The production and processing process of petrochemical industry is mainly divided into four parts, basic organic matter production, organic chemical production, polymer chemical production and fine chemical production. The production source of basic organic matter is oil and natural gas, through its refining or conversion to produce ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene, acetylene and naphthalene and other basic organic raw materials. Organic chemical production is based on these basic organic raw materials "trienes, triphenyl, acetylene, naphthalene", through chemical synthesis and processing, to further generate aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, alcohols, ethers and ketones and other reaction products. The polymer chemical production, on the basis of the above reaction products, through condensation, polymerization processing, synthetic fiber, synthetic resin and synthetic rubber end products, that is often said the three synthetic materials. It can be seen that basic organic chemical raw materials such as "triene tribenzene" have significant strategic significance in the petrochemical industry.