Open the door of petrochemical industry and coal chemical industry

The fine chemical industry often produces engineering materials and functional materials required by a number of industries and cutting-edge technology engineering in the national economy, such as military industry, with high added value, such as catalysts, surfactants, additives and additives, etc., the raw material source is the various basic organic matter and organic raw materials of the first three processes. It can be said that the degree of refinement of organic products is already a scale to measure the level of the entire petrochemical industry.

2.2 Coal chemical transformation process: the comprehensive utilization of multiple materials and types of coal

The transformation process of coal includes low temperature distillation of coal, coking, recovery and refining of coal coking chemical products, coal gasification, direct coal liquefaction, indirect coal liquefaction, coal carbon products, etc. The low temperature distillation of coal uses a low heating temperature (500 ~ 600℃), so that the coal is heated and decomposed into semi-coke, low temperature coal tar, gas and pyrolysis water under the condition of isolation of air. Coking is a process of high temperature retorting. Coking coal is heated to about 1000℃ under isolated air conditions, and coke, coke oven gas and other coking chemical products are produced by thermal decomposition and coking. Coal coking chemicals include ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, benzene, toluene, methane and so on. Coal gasification takes coal or coal coke as raw material, oxygen (air, oxygen rich or pure oxygen), water vapor or hydrogen as gasification agent, and converts the combustible part of coal or coal coke into gas fuel or downstream raw materials, such as methanol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl ether, etc., through chemical reaction under high temperature conditions; Coal liquefaction is the direct or indirect way to convert solid coal into liquid fuel and various chemical raw materials. The coal carbon process includes the preparation and synthesis of activated carbon, molecular sieve, graphene, etc.

3. Downstream products

Petrochemical is the core of the organic chemical industry, which basically covers the whole organic chemicals and related inorganic chemicals such as fertilizers. Coal chemical products include coking, gasification, liquefaction, etc., which are included in petrochemical products only from the perspective of product types, but the volume difference is different.

3.1 Petrochemical: Covering the core of organic chemicals

As mentioned earlier, petroleum processing technology can be divided into petroleum refining and petrochemical two blocks, the two are interdependent, so the products obtained from petroleum processing are also from the perspective of both. Petroleum refining products mainly include all kinds of fuel oil (such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc.) and lubricating oil as well as liquefied petroleum gas, coke, paraffin, asphalt and other petroleum products; The petrochemical industry obtains basic chemical raw materials represented by ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene and xylene, and then uses these basic chemical raw materials to produce a variety of organic chemical raw materials and synthetic materials. At present, more than 200 kinds of organic chemical raw materials can be produced, such as alcohols, aldehydes, esters, acids, bases, alkenes, alkanes, acetylene, ketones, aromatic compounds, etc. The final synthetic materials include three pillar industries, namely plastics and fibers, rubber, and other products include a variety of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, coatings and functional materials.

3.2 Coal chemical products: New coal chemical products as the focus of guidance

From the product point of view, coal chemical industry is divided into traditional coal chemical industry and new coal chemical industry two categories. Traditional coal chemical products mainly include coking, synthetic ammonia, calcium carbide and methanol. The production scale of traditional coal chemical products in China ranks first in the world, and the output of synthetic ammonia, methanol, calcium carbide and coke account for 32%, 28%, 93% and 58% of the global output, respectively, and are in a state of oversupply at stages, and there is structural excess capacity.

The new coal chemical industry is based on the production of clean energy and alternative petrochemical products, such as oil products (diesel, gasoline, aviation kerosene), natural gas, dimethyl ether, olefin, ethylene glycol, etc. As an emerging industry, the product market is still in the growth stage, but as one of the important development directions of national strategic energy reserves, the potential market capacity is large, and it has good development prospects.