Five major regional mine environmental geological problems

2.3 Plain basin area

The environmental geological problems caused by coal, phosphorus, iron and construction sand mining in this area are more serious, and the ground collapse caused by coal mining is the most prominent problem. The second is the death of the people caused by the fall of the groundwater level, the debris flow and the collapse caused by the occupation and destruction of the land and the drainage of the mine. Coal mining subsidence in Xuzhou, Jiangsu province has developed into a national typical, and the ground subsidence area accounts for more than 98% of the total subsidence area in the province, and the subsidence continues to expand. The coal mining areas with serious problems are mainly located in Baolixile coal mine area in Inner Mongolia, Jalainur Coal Mine area, Tieling Tiaobingshan Coal mine area in Inner Mongolia, Yinchuan and Hetao Plain area in Wuhai Coal mine area in Inner Mongolia, Shizuishan Coal mine area in Ningxia, Tangshan Kailuan Coal Mine in North China and the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River Plain area, and Yima Coal Mine in Henan Province Mine, Shandong Jining - Zaozhuang Coal mine, Anhui Lianghuai Coal mine, Jiangsu Xuzhou coal mine, Hunan Loudi Coal mine, Changsha Ningxiang Coal mine and other mining areas.

2.4 Loess Plateau area

The ecological environment in this area is fragile, so the mineral exploitation intensity is medium, and the main environmental geological problems in this area are coal mines and metal mines. Weibei Coal mine area in Shaanxi province is a serious mining area that has damaged the environment. In Tongchuan Coal mine area in Shaanxi Province, the groundwater level of the mining area has decreased due to the influence of coal mining. The metal mines are mainly Baiyin copper mining area and Lashuixia copper-nickel mining area, which contain a large amount of heavy metal acid water in the wastewater of the mine area, and its discharge is large, which causes great pollution to the surrounding environment.

2.5 Gobi Desert region and permafrost region

The sand area and permafrost area of the Gobi desert belong to the fragile ecological environment, the natural environment conditions are poor, and the development intensity of the mining area is low, so the mining in this zone mainly focuses on the protection of the ecological environment.

The second chapter is the mode of mine environmental restoration and management

After mineral resources are extracted from underground, the most direct impact on geological environment is to change the original ground stress. All kinds of underground mining areas are widely developed mining subsidence problems, such as subsidence basin, collapse pit, ground cracks and other surface rock and soil body failure phenomena. As of 2015, the total subsidence problem area caused by resource mining in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is about 306.37km2, which is concentrated in underground mining coal, ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal and precious metal mining areas, among which the subsidence problem area caused by coal mining is about 305.77km2, accounting for about 99.80% of the total problem area.

1. Definition and analysis of mine environmental restoration and management mode

Mine environmental restoration and governance model takes mine geological environment restoration and governance as the main research object. As can be seen from the definition of mine environmental restoration model, the key contents of the model are shown in Figure 1, including: mine environmental geological problems, mine environmental restoration objectives, mine geological environment background, mine development and utilization conditions and mine geological environment restoration and governance model. As can be seen from Figure 1, mine environmental restoration and treatment is a systematic study of mine geological environment, mine environmental geological problems and mine restoration and treatment technologies. Mine environmental restoration and governance mode is an organic and systematic combination of mine environmental restoration technologies, but the technical composition of restricting and guiding mine environmental restoration and governance mode is closely related to the other four aspects. As shown in Figure 1, the five research contents of mine environmental restoration and governance modes, including mine geological environment background, mine development and utilization conditions, and mine environmental restoration objectives, are correlated with each other. The author divides the correlation into the outer "progressive" relationship and the inner "five elements" relationship.

The contents of the outer "progressive" relationship have progressive research correlation with each other, and this "progressive" relationship is helpful to promote the study of the model of mine environmental restoration and governance. Various contents in the internal "five elements" relationship establish internal multi-directional correlation through the mine environmental restoration data model, and become the research content of the technical composition of the guiding model, the application scope of the restoration model, the verification of the model benefit, and the optimization and improvement of the model. Therefore, the five contents also have the characteristics of "two-way" correlation.