Five major regional mine environmental geological problems

Restoration technology research is subject to the joint constraints of restoration project cases and restoration objectives. Reasonable restoration technology can come from either restoration and governance project cases or local governance experience, and an organic model is formed after being determined and coded according to module functions. Therefore, the model is the optimization and organic combination of restoration and treatment technologies, and the characteristics of the technology restrict a number of characteristics of the model, such as: the applicable conditions of the model, the key technologies of the model, the expected results of the model, etc., which has a great impact on the learning, understanding and promotion of the model by mine users. In addition, the expected benefit of remediation technology, construction technology, economic cost and other aspects restrict the application of remediation model.

The objective of mine environmental restoration is the expected benefits and results of mine environmental restoration proposed on the basis of the understanding of the restoration image and the restoration experience of mine environmental problems and the existing restoration technology. It has a guiding effect on the construction of the model and becomes the basis for judging the rationality of the application scope of the model. Mine environmental restoration goals are divided into geological engineering goals, land restoration goals and ecological restoration goals, which must conform to the government policy, laws and regulations and the actual situation of the mine environment. Mine environmental restoration goals can lead to the establishment of targeted restoration models, and mine environmental restoration governance models can be classified according to different restoration goals.

4. Characteristics of mine environmental restoration and management mode

4.1 Pertinence

 The model study focuses on restoration object, restoration target, restoration technology and other contents, and each content focuses on targeted research. Specifically, the application scope of the restoration mode related to mining subsidence problem takes into account the different performance characteristics of the surface of the problem, such as subsidence basin, collapse pit, collapse trough and ground fracture, etc. The engineering restoration technology of different occurrence forms must correspond to different targeted technologies in order to achieve the benefits of the restoration mode.

4.2 Universality

Mine environmental restoration and management model is a set of systematic and perfect mine environmental restoration theory, which involves many mine environmental geological problems. In other words, the model is applicable to the mines or regions where the vast majority of mine environmental problems occur. Universality means that under the constraints of the scope of application of the mine environmental restoration and treatment model, the model can be used in the mine environmental restoration and treatment project with similar problems. For example, in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia and other coal mining areas in the Loess Plateau mine secondary geological disaster control project, the hidden landslide in the mining area can be used according to the characteristics of loess landslide, the scope of application for the loess region of the mine secondary geological disaster restoration and management model, and in the model description with similar regional engineering cases to guide the preparation of treatment plans.

4.3 Procedural

Mine environmental restoration and management model can be directly applied to mine environmental restoration projects. According to the scope of application agreed by the model, it is necessary to clearly point out the characteristics of the model's composition technology, key technology and main process, analyze the engineering benefits that can be realized by the model according to existing engineering cases, and ensure that the model is simple and practical. In order to facilitate the government units, mine management departments to promote the mine environment management and prevention work. Therefore, the pattern is process-oriented, and the realization of its benefits benefits from the user's correct grasp of the characteristics of the pattern and the accurate implementation of the repair and governance technology of the constitutive pattern.

5. Optimization of mine environmental restoration and management mode

The model of mine environmental restoration and management is the study of the complex system of mine environment, which is constantly updated and optimized. The optimization of the model is closely related to the response of mine geological environment, the benefit of mine environmental restoration, the objective of mine environmental restoration and the technology of mine environmental restoration.

The model of mine geological environment response can be optimized, because the model must be established on the basis of mine environmental problems and development background. According to the characteristics of geological environment response to different mine environmental problems under many influencing factors, the type and number of problems involved in the mine environmental restoration and governance model can be expanded. In addition, due to the continuous progress and update of mine environmental restoration targets due to national policies, the model should optimize and update the technical composition to achieve new targets as the degree of target requirements changes. The benefit demand of mine environmental restoration is related to the expected effect of the model, which needs to be established on the basis of statistical data such as cost, time and area, which requires the optimization of the key technology and process flow of the model, and the continuous optimization of the model to meet the benefit demand. Finally, with the continuous progress and improvement of mine environmental restoration and management technology with the difficulty of restoration, demand and patent renewal, the model needs to be upgraded and updated to achieve the optimization of model level and benefits.