Basic conception of intelligent open-pit mine construction

Intelligent mine engineering, such as open-pit production plan, working face extension project, promotion project, development of transportation road construction, etc. Focus on the production organization and construction of intelligent engineering: According to the existing process equipment and design and the short and medium term plan, determine the best perforation, blasting, mining, transportation, discharge, road maintenance, reclamation and other works or production operations construction design/plan, the best technical parameters, equipment system layout and scheduling, personnel and material support, auxiliary works, etc.; The actual operation location, operation status, quantity and quality indicators and other information are collected/shared through the Internet/Internet of Things/big data, such as their location, operation conditions or inter-correlation and measurement, etc., and the intelligent operation process and management can be realized through identification, comparison, analysis, transmission and receiving of instructions [81-83].

3.5 Intelligent system V: Intelligent system for open pit integrated management

The intelligent system of open-pit integrated management is based on the data collected by the spatiotemporal evolution model, the data generated by the intelligent mechanical and electrical equipment and the data generated by production planning and project management. It adopts advanced technical means such as big data analysis, expert evaluation and expert system to study the intelligent management method of green, safe and efficient production. For example, fully automated analysis of production efficiency, real-time control of production costs, and ubiquitous performance appraisal can be achieved to maximize the production cost of open-pit mines. Realize the intelligent command of production equipment, the intelligent management of mine engineering and the intelligent optimization of process system, further realize the operation of fewer people, reduce or even eliminate the safety hazards of the open-pit mine itself, and realize the essential safety of the open-pit mine; Improve the quality of ecological reclamation, reduce the cost of ecological reclamation, realize the value of ecological restoration, realize the essence of open pit mining green, and finally realize the construction of harmonious, beautiful and sustainable development of open pit mine.

As shown in Figure 12, the intelligent system of integrated open-pit management realizes the comprehensive and centralized control of all intelligent systems in open-pit mines, including the intelligent management of mine personnel, finance, materials, safety and outsourcing projects. Intelligent management of auxiliary links such as ecological protection and energy conservation. Realize network-based cross-space network query, management, operation, scheduling, security, service and so on. Open-pit slope safety, network security, safety training, anti-collision technology and equipment, dust control, toxic and harmful substances management, rational use of dewatering water, clean energy utilization, large expert knowledge base and data warehouse, visual intelligent decision platform, intelligent decision platform based on big data, data communication, office automation, intelligent office environment.

4. Key technologies of intelligent open-pit mine construction

According to the hierarchical level of the system, the whole intelligent mine system is divided into three levels: intelligent unit, intelligent system and intelligent large system.

4.1 Intelligent unit level - Sensor hardware and software technology

The technical requirements of the intelligent unit are the technical requirements that need to be met when building a most basic intelligent open-pit mine unit. From the perspective of the architecture of the intelligent unit, the sensor is the source of the intelligent open-pit mine to obtain relevant data information, and is the primary link to realize automatic detection and automatic control. Therefore, at the intelligent unit level, the most core key technology is the sensor analysis technology that includes software and hardware.

4.2 Intelligent system level - unit communication technology

On the basis of the technical requirements of the smart unit, referring to the hierarchical architecture of the smart mine system, it is necessary to further emphasize the interconnection between the unit components, and on this basis, focus on the real-time and dynamic information control of different components, so as to achieve the coordination and unity of the information space and the physical space. At the same time, the integrated computing system, sensing system, control system and network system need to be unified management, so at the level of intelligent system, it needs the support of unit communication technology.

4.3 Intelligent large system level - system integration technology

Based on the technical requirements of the intelligent system and the hierarchical structure of the intelligent mine system, the data of the intelligent large system is more real, rich and diverse, so a new processing mode is needed to integrate and analyze the data to extract the potential value, so as to provide stronger decision-making power, insight and process optimization ability. Then systematic and comprehensive mining mining data in the potential value. Therefore, at the level of intelligent large systems, the support of system integration technology is needed [90-93].