Intelligent open-pit mine construction basic framework and system design

0 Introduction

Mineral resources are an indispensable material basis for human survival, economic construction and social development. Coal has long been the main energy source in China, accounting for more than 60% of primary energy production and consumption. It is expected that coal will remain the main energy source in China before 2050. Coal industry is an important basic industry related to national economic lifeline and energy security, the development of technology and intelligent project management is the only way for its sustainable development. At present, intelligence, as a subversive innovative technology, has become the core driving force for the transformation of basic industrial industries worldwide, and is exerting a profound impact on the development strategies and national economies of various countries in a larger scope and at a deeper level. It has become the core key to reshaping the development form of traditional industries worldwide, enhancing the international core competitiveness of industries and improving the total factor productivity. It has epoch-making significance. The adoption of intelligent high-tech to drive the transformation and upgrading of traditional mining industry can essentially enhance the core competitiveness of mining enterprises, thus promoting the development of traditional mining industry towards the goals of safety, efficiency, economy, green and sustainable development [1-2], and standing out in the increasingly fierce international market competition.

In recent years, the rise of disruptive technologies such as Internet +, artificial intelligence and big data has opened the prelude to the fourth industrial revolution and accelerated the process of change in traditional industries. Germany proposed Industry 4.0, the United States proposed the "Smart Planet", and China proposed the "Made in China 2025" strategy. The development of intelligent manufacturing, intelligent equipment and intelligent production has become the mainstream direction of industrial development. Therefore, taking advantage of the opportunity of this industrial revolution, the construction of smart coal mine and the development of intelligent mining are in line with the national strategy, and are also the inevitable choice to solve the current problems and development of the coal industry. Compared with the open-pit mining, it is more suitable to build a modern mine that meets the requirements of wisdom [3-5].

Foreign countries began to study intelligent mining technology in open pit mining in the 1990s, and developed countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and Germany have put forward their own technical solutions. In view of intelligent development and design, Western mining powers have successively launched mining commercial software for geological data processing, mineral deposit modeling, mining design, planning, mapping graphics processing and other aspects. British Mining Computing Limited (MICL) developed Datamine mining software system, including geological information processing, deposit model construction, mining design, mine scheduling and planning modules, which are mainly used in geological exploration data processing, open pit or underground mining design, mine scheduling and production planning. Surpac Software International (SSI) developed Surpac Software, a 3D interactive graphics software system for surface survey data processing, geological exploration data analysis, and mining design. Its application areas include exploration and geological modeling, resource assessment, surface and underground mining design, production planning and mining schedule planning, and tailings and reclamation design. The Vulcan software developed by MAPTEK in Australia integrates geological deposit modeling [8], mining design and schedule planning. Geostatistics can be used to process raw data and predict grade changes, and open pit or underground mining design and production schedule can be arranged [6-10].

In terms of equipment and process intelligence, Bucyrus control system uses modern computer technology to update the original automation, and introduces a programmable control system for drilling. It is a PLC video system composed of programmable logic controller and display, which can provide various performance parameters of the operation to the driver at any time during the drilling process. Through the Rig Monitoring System (IRDMS), the driver monitors the drilling parameters (drilling speed, hole depth, total footage and number of holes drilled) from the console in the driver's cab. Faults related to mechanical and system function, temperature, pressure and filter condition of key components can also be diagnosed. The data can be transmitted to a computer outside the rig, or connected to the mine wireless system. The CAT transport equipment automation system includes positioning, environmental (road condition) detection, machine control, wireless communication and position control, the GNSS receiver continuously monitors the truck's position and direction, the laser rangefinder scans the road in front of the truck to determine if there are obstacles, and the data is processed by computer to tell the operating robot how to avoid them. In 2013, in cooperation with Caterpillar, Forteske Metal Group signed a driverless truck agreement in the Solomon iron mining area, and the first batch of 8 autonomous 793F mining trucks were put into use in the mining area, so far there have been 54 autonomous trucks, and the cumulative volume of driverless trucks has reached 240 million tons [11-24].