Land reclamation planning

According to the "Land Reclamation Regulations", the Ministry of Land and Resources organized the preparation and promulgation of the land reclamation program preparation procedures, the entire land reclamation project was comprehensively divided, so that the entire reclamation field has its own language, which is a very important basis for work. As of 2013, there were 95,400 mines in China, and land reclamation plans have been formulated for more than 5,000 mines built after 2008. Among them, there are 492 national-level, mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Anhui, Shandong and other provinces.

The content of the land reclamation plan prepared in accordance with the above provisions must be clear about the status quo of the land before mining, the direction of land reclamation, the quality requirements of the land, the calculation of the engineering quantity, and the estimation of the land reclamation funds. At the same time, the plan must have land use status map, land damage prediction map and land reclamation planning map.

The most important system in land reclamation planning is the land reclamation cost supervision system, also known as the "guarantee fund system" in foreign countries: according to the land reclamation plan, the cost of land reclamation needs to be calculated according to the land reclamation plan, and before the damage, it is deposited in an independent account, which is jointly supervised by the bank, the county land resources department in the region and the mining enterprises, and is used according to the land reclamation plan. It is understood that the Yunnan Province land reclamation cost supervision system jointly developed by the Yunnan Provincial Department of Land and Resources and the bank has been officially operational since June this year, and has already pre-stored land reclamation costs of 150 million yuan, involving more than 250 mining enterprises.

The land reclamation plan also requires that after the completion of the plan must be uploaded to the "one map" project, so that the Ministry of Land and Resources will put the above and underground information in a map. At present, the land reclamation program system is being piloted by the Land Improvement Center and is expected to be incorporated into the Ministry of Land and Resources system by the end of this year. At the same time, according to the land reclamation plan, the land and resources management department will conduct comprehensive monitoring of the entire life cycle of the mine, including annual plans and phased plans.

In 2012, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued the Notice on the Pilot Work of the Reclamation and Utilization of Abandoned Industrial and Mining Land, confirming that reclamation work should be carried out in 10 provinces and regions, including Hebei, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia. To carry out the pilot project of reclamation of abandoned industrial and mining land, the county must first make a general plan for the historical abandoned land and mining land in the county. First of all, we must clarify the overall status quo of the historical abandoned land, clarify the property rights and land types. Secondly, the reclamation target should be adapted to local conditions and practical. Third, we must eliminate security and land disasters. Fourth, it is necessary to discuss whether there is pollution and whether the pollution has been dealt with. Fifth, after the completion of reclamation, if the reclamation into cultivated land, the quality of cultivated land is what level, and at the same time compared with the occupied cultivated land, the increase or decrease is linked.

In order to promote the reclamation of abandoned land left over from history, the planning provides that during reclamation, major national land reclamation projects can be applied for, social funds can be attracted, and in accordance with the principle of who invests who benefits, the reclamation people are encouraged to reclaim by themselves, and the government gives certain subsidies after reclamation. After the abandoned mine land is reclaimed into cultivated land, it can be used as a balance index of cultivated land and linked to the index of new construction land. At the same time, it is encouraged to adapt to local conditions and multi-purpose reclamation, and select reclamation targets according to local needs and actual conditions.

At that time, there were about 600 quarries in the Mangshan Economic zone of Qingzhou, Shandong Province, involving an area of more than 20,000 mu, and the mountain was seriously damaged and covered with dust. When the mine was renovated in 2005, the government forcibly closed 80 percent of the quarry and drew up a master plan for the entire quarry as an industrial and cultural park. When the project is completed, about 60,000 people are expected to be employed. At present, 65 enterprises have settled in the industrial park, nearly 10,000 people have been employed, and the total investment has exceeded 20 billion yuan.

Jining, Shandong province, has developed its own floating solar panels by using abandoned subsidence land in a mining area less than 1 meter deep that cannot be reclaimed for farmland. According to the solar rotation, the water photovoltaic power generation has increased by 30%, and the project has considerable prospects.