Analysis of the development trend of China's iron ore mining technology in the "13th Five-Year Plan"

(2) Mining method. The backward horizontal filling and shallow hole retaining mining methods have been basically eliminated in iron mines, and sublevel caving without bottom pillar is generally adopted in production mines, and the stage height is gradually increased, reaching 132 meters in Meishan Iron Mine and 140 meters in Chengchao Iron mine. The height of the sections and the route spacing were also increased to 15 meters ×20 meters or even 18 meters ×20 meters. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of underground mining scale and more stringent environmental protection policies, the application of large-diameter and deep-hole open-stope method and sublevel open-stope subsequent filling mining method in iron mines has become more and more.

(3) Digital mining technology. Meishan Iron Mine as the representative, through the integration of information and automation, break through the traditional mine production management, remote management, visual monitoring, digital decision-making and other effects. It is of great significance to improve production efficiency, change production safety, improve working environment and promote green coordinated mining.

Second, there are problems

Although China's mining technology has made obvious progress, there are still some problems, mainly reflected in the uneven development of mining technology, the low level of digital mines, mining equipment for technical development is not enough support.

(1) Uneven development of mining technology

China's vast territory, the national economic development level is very different, the level of mining development is also very different. The advanced large-scale mining technology represented by Qidashan Iron mine, Yuanjiacun Iron mine and Shuichang Iron mine has basically reached the international advanced level, while in the less developed areas, the mining technology is still very backward, with low production efficiency, low recovery rate, high dilution rate and serious waste of resources.

(2) The level of digital mining is much different from that of foreign countries

So far, China's digital mining has made great achievements, but compared with the mining developed countries, the overall level is still very low, is still in the initial stage of development. For example, remote control mining, unmanned working faces and even unmanned mines have become a reality in Canada, Sweden, the United States, Australia and other countries, but China has not yet realized. The United States has successfully developed a large-scale mining scheduling system, which uses the latest computer, wireless data communication, scheduling optimization and global satellite positioning system technology to carry out real-time computer control and management of open-pit production. Some underground mines in addition to the fixed equipment has been automated, scraper, drilling truck, underground car all realized driverless, workers just on the ground remote control of these equipment, you can ensure the smooth progress of mining operations.

(3) The support of mining equipment for technological development is not enough

The development of mining technology needs to be promoted through the synchronous updating of mining equipment, such as open-pit mining technology must be matched with large-scale shovel, the realization of digital technology needs intelligent equipment to support, but at present, China's mining equipment is still mainly introduced, digestion, absorption and innovation, new equipment independent research and development, large-scale and system integration ability is poor. Industrial manufacturing capacity is weak, can not adapt to the upgrading of mining technology, to a certain extent, hinder the advance of domestic mining technology.

Third, the "13th Five-Year" mining technology development trend

(1) Development direction

1. The change of macro situation brings both opportunities and challenges to the development of mining technology

Over the past decade, China's iron ore industry has experienced a stage of rapid expansion of investment and production capacity, which has also promoted the significant development of mining technology. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, economic growth has slowed down, market demand has declined, the relationship between supply and demand has reversed, and the development of the iron ore industry is facing great pressure, on the one hand, it means that investment in mining technology research and development will tend to be tight, on the other hand, in the downturn of the industry, enterprises need to reduce production costs through the application of new processes and new technologies, improve production efficiency and enterprise competitiveness.

2. Mining technology is developing in the direction of high efficiency, green and digital

During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the development of mining technology will continue to trend towards the simplification of production processes, the continuity of production processes, the centralization of mining operations, and the digitization, intelligence and unmanned operation processes. In the process of development, it is necessary to adhere to independent innovation as the driving force for the sustainable development of technology, energy saving and green manufacturing as an important starting point for technological transformation, the deep integration of industrialization and information technology as an important measure of technological progress, and the industrialization of technological achievements as an important support for the strength of iron mining industry.